摘要
为研究森林覆盖率变化对洪水特性的影响,建立小溪流域的分布式水文模型,通过实测水文资料对模型重要参数进行率定和验证,并对其适用性进行评价。选取7日同次降雨序列,利用率定并验证后的数学模型对森林覆盖率从0到100%共11组工况的流域洪水过程进行模拟。结果表明,森林覆盖率的变化对小溪流域洪水特性产生一定影响,森林覆盖率越大,影响效果越明显;相比无森林覆盖条件,森林覆盖率达到最大时减小洪峰流量约13.2%,延缓洪峰到达时间约4 h,延长洪水历时约13 h;当森林覆盖率低于40%时,森林对洪峰的削减作用非常有限;当森林覆盖率大于40%时,森林覆盖率平均每增长10%,可削减洪峰流量约2%;并且随着森林覆盖率增长,洪水过程形态呈现从单峰到双峰的变化特点。
In order to study the influence of forest cover change on flood characteristics,a distributed hydrological model of Xiaoxi watershed was established.The parameters of the model were validated and verified by observed hydrologic data and its applicability was also evaluated.Then the seven-day rainfall series was selected and the model was used to simulate the flood process of Xiaoxi watershed with the forest coverage rates ranging from 0%to 100%.The results indicated that changing the forest coverage rates had a great impact on the flood characteristics of Xiaoxi watershed.The greater the forest coverage rate,the more obvious the effect.Compared with non-forest coverage condition,when the forest coverage rates reached the maximum,the flood peak flow was reduced by about 13.2%,the arrival time of the flood peak was delayed for about 4 hours,and the flood duration was extended by about 13 hours.Besides,when the forest coverage rate was less than 40%,there was a very limited reduction effect on the flood peak flow;when the forest coverage rate was more than 40%,an average of 10%increase in forest coverage could lead to 2%reduction of flood peak flow.Moreover,the shape of the flood process showed a trend from a single peak to double peaks with increasing forest coverage rate.
作者
姚原
顾正华
李云
辜樵亚
范子武
YAO Yuan;GU Zhenghua;LI Yun;GU Qiaoya;FAN Ziwu(College of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,China)
出处
《水利水运工程学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第1期9-15,共7页
Hydro-Science and Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目（2016YFC0401507,2016YFC0401503）
国家自然科学基金资助项目（51579216)
关键词
森林覆盖
数值模拟
洪水特性
分布式水文模型
forest coverage
numerical simulation
flood characteristics
distributed hydrological model
