摘要
反极端主义是“去极端化”概念的升华,对于理解一国政府的去极端化实践具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。本文从反极端主义的概念出发,评估摩洛哥去极端化的实践与效果。从路径上看,摩洛哥反极端主义政策主要包括三个核心内涵,即通过自上而下的方式开展强制性的宗教机构改革,实现宗教领域的统一化和规范化;从根源上治理贫穷现象,改善摩洛哥民众的社会经济状况;启动“和解”项目,通过建立伊斯兰教温和化机制、心理辅导机制和极端分子出狱后的跟踪机制等一系列保障措施,确保有极端主义思想倾向的人员做到自我调解、认同摩洛哥温和伊斯兰理念以及重新融入摩洛哥社会。总体而言,虽然摩洛哥的去极端化举措在一定程度上防止了恐袭事件的发生,但“圣战”分子“回流”和新一代宗教极端分子的出现,仍暴露出摩洛哥反极端主义政策的缺陷。
Counter-extremism is the sublimation of the concept of de-radicalization,which has important theoretical and practical significance for understanding the efforts of governments de-radicalization.This paper uses counter-extremism as a conceptual method to evaluate Morocco s efforts of de-radicalization.The Moroccan counter-extremism policies mainly include three aspects.First,the top-down“mandatory”religious institutional reform for religious unification and standardization;second,governance on poverty and improving social and economic conditions;third,initiating the musalaha(rehabilitation)program,which ensures that detainees can achieve self-reconciliation,identify with Moroccan moderate Islam and integrate into Moroccan society through a series of mechanisms,such as Islamic moderating,psychological counseling and post-prison tracking mechanism.Overall,although the Moroccan counter-extremism policies have prevented terrorist attacks successfully,the return of jihadists and the emergence of a new generation of extremists have highlighted the shortcomings.
作者
张玉友
ZHANG Yuyou(Institute of Middle Eastern Studies,Northwest University)
出处
《阿拉伯世界研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第6期16-30,116,共16页
Arab World Studies
基金
2016年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“全球伊斯兰极端主义研究”(16ZDA096)的阶段性成果
关键词
反极端主义
去极端化
摩洛哥
宗教机构改革
Counter-extremism
De-radicalization
Morocco
Reform of Religious Institutions
