摘要
【目的】分析杏主要经济性状遗传趋势,为亲本选择提供理论依据。【方法】以‘金太阳’为亲本的3个杏杂交组合F1代为试材,对花期、果实成熟期、单果质量、肉质类型、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、香气、黏离核、丰产性、仁味进行遗传分析。【结果】杏开花期后代分布范围窄,呈趋中变异;后代都有成熟期早于早熟亲本的个体,变异表现为偏向晚熟亲本的正态或偏态分布;平均单果质量分布范围趋向小果,呈明显的衰退趋势;果实平均硬度呈偏向于软肉亲本的连续变异;可溶性固形物含量超高亲本比例偏低,但遗传力高,亲本高糖性状遗传给后代的能力强;丰产性呈偏向于高亲亲本的连续变异,亲本的丰产性对后代影响大;果实硬溶质与软溶质、果实香气有无、黏离核和仁甜苦呈质量性状遗传。【结论】‘金太阳’作为亲本,其主要经济性状遗传力较强,在以早熟或晚熟、硬肉、丰产性为育种目标的新品种选育中具有广泛的应用前景。
【Objective】It was found that lack of good varieties with strong flavor and long storage life is one of the important factors restricting the development of apricot industry.Therefore,the Liaoning Institute of Pomology initiated the target breeding program to select apricot varieties with high eating quality,good storage life and attractive appearance.The inheritance trends of main economic characters of apricot was investigated using hybrid populations to provide the theoretical basis for selecting parents and formulating breeding strategy【.Methods】The F1 segregation progenies of 3 crossing combinations were used as materials,including 56,50,and 89 individual seedlings derived from‘Sungold’בShajinhong’,‘Saimaiti’בSungold’and‘Sungold’בJipin’,respectively.The seedling trees were planted in the field in 2009,2009 and 2010,respectively.The phenotypes of 10 major economic traits were investigated to analyze the inheritance tendencies,including blooming data,fruit ripening time,fruit weight,flesh type,flesh firmness,soluble solid content,fruit aroma,cling/free stone,yielding ability,and kernel flavor in 2016,2017,and 2018.The ripening time was recorded by the number of days after the first day of the year(January 1 as the first day),and the blooming date was determined when 50%of the flowers of the whole tree were fully open.The fruit ripeing date was recorded when about 75%of the fruits changed color and the flesh was elastic with typical flavor.Chi-square test was used to determine the population segregation ratios of flesh type,cling or free stone,fruit aroma,and kernel flavor of apricot.The heritability and coefficient of variation(CV)were calculated for fruit weight,fruit firmness,and soluble solids content.All the data were processed by SPSS 22.0 statistical analysis software.The flowering date and ripening date were plotted by Origin 9.5.【Results】The distribution range of the flowering period of apricot was narrow,lasting only two to four days and the average flowering date of the hybrid progenies tended to the value of the mid-parents.Transgressive segregation was found on flowering date and fruit maturity date in all three combinations.The distribution range of CV of the ripening period was significantly wider than that of the flowering period.The variations exhibited a normal or skewed distribution trend to the late-maturing parents.The average fruit weight of each hybrid progeny was lower than the value of the mid-parents,and the distribution range tended to small fruits,showing a significant declining trend but a high CV(31.4%-36.9%).The average flesh firmness value of each hybrid progeny was lower than the value of the mid-parents and the ratios of over highparent were low,they were 1.1%,12.5%,and 3.9%,respectively,while the ratios of over lower-parent were high,they were 30.3%,39.3%,and 92.2%,respectively.The offspring showed a continuous variation trend to the soft flesh of parents.The soluble solids content(SSC)showed a continuous variation with low CV and low proportion of over high-parent,but high heritability(0.91-0.92),indicating that the ability of parents to inherit high-SSC trait to their progenies was strong.The yielding ability of hybrid progenies showed a continuous variation trend to the high-yield parents,and the yielding ability of the parents had a great influence on their progenies.Flesh type(hard-melting or soft-melting),stone adhere to flesh(free or clinging),fruit aroma(aroma or aroma-free),and kernel flavor of apricot(sweet or bitter)were quality traits.The flesh type was almost hard-melting in F1 progenies of‘Sungold’בShajinhong’and‘Saimaiti’בSungold’,the hard-melting/soft-melting ratio fitted on the 1∶1 segregation for F1 progenies of‘Sungold’בJipin’.Among the four hybrid parents,only‘Jinpin’was aromatic,and the aroma/aroma-free ratio fitted on the 1:1 segregation for F1 progenies of‘Sungold’בJipin’.The freestone trait was dominant in the progenies of all the combinations,the free/clinging ratio fitted on the 3∶1 segregation for‘Sungold’בJipin’.The sweet kernel flavor of apricot was controlled by a single dominant gene.‘Saimaiti’,‘Shajinhong’,and‘Sungold’were classified as homozygously dominant,heterozygous,and homozygously recessive,respectively.【Conclusion】‘Sungold’would be a promising parent due to the strong heritability for some main economic traits.
作者
徐铭
刘威生
王爱德
章秋平
刘宁
张玉萍
张玉君
马小雪
刘硕
XU Ming;LIU Weisheng;WANG Aide;ZHANG Qiuping;LIU Ning;ZHANG Yuping;ZHANG Yujun;MAXiaoxue;LIU Shuo(Liaoning Institute of Pomology,Xiongyue 115009,Liaoning,China;Shenyang Agriculture Unversity,Shenyang 110161,Liaoning,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第1期1-10,共10页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(31972365)
国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1000601)
农业部作物种质资源保护(2019NWB003)
李、杏种质资源基础条件平台(NICGR2019-056)
关键词
杏
杂交后代
经济性状
遗传
Apricot
F1 hybirds
Economic character
Inheritance
