摘要
政府参与和市场调节相结合是现代经济社会的现实选择,政府参与并因情施策对于创业生态系统的健康发展和新创企业的成长至关重要。本文以杭州梦想小镇为例,运用治理理论,采用叙事分析法研究了政府在加速新创企业成长期间所扮演角色的动态演化和作用机理。研究显示:政府作为创业生态系统的主体之一,通过其代理机构市场化的运作机制,经历了混合型、漸变式的动态演化过程,具体包括孵化期的科层治理、成长期的网络治理和腾飞期的市场治理,由此形成了“政府引导+市场主导”的双重、渐变治理机制,助力新创企业的成长。同时,政府在加速新创企此成长中所起到的作用呈现了多元性和不可或缺性。
The combination of government participation and market regulation is a reasonable choice for the modern economy and society. Entrepreneurial ecosystems are increasingly recognized as a way to stimulate economic growth, innovation and social change across most countries globally, Chinese governments at different levels are proactive in promoting the entrepreneurial ecosystem and fostering new venture creation. Some Chinese local governments praise their cities as having entrepreneurial ecosystem. We support the view that the government’s participation and policy implementation responding to the situation will be crucial to the healthy development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and the new ventures creation, but find out extant literature are still far from clear how governments as focal actors in the entrepreneurial ecosystem and affect and regulate the process and pattern of new venture creation. In this paper, we take Hangzhou Dream Town as an example, employ with governance theory and the method of narrative analysis, to study the dynamic evolution and operation mechanism of the role presented by Governments in catalyzing and accelerating the new ventures creation.Our study reveals that the government as focal actor of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, has undergone a dynamic and gradual evolutionary process through its market-oriented operation mechanism of its agencies, including hierarchical governance at start-up stage, network governance at expansion stage and market governance at take-off stage. A "government-led & market-dominated" dual and gradual governance mechanism has been formed to facilitate the new ventures creation and grow-up. Meanwhile, the role played by government in accelerating new ventures creation is pluralistic and indispensable. Specifically, at start-up stage, the government implement the hierarchical governance by acting as public leader with their power in resource allocation, that management functions in hierarchies is circle of planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Then, at expansion stage, the government apply for the network governance by acting as network manager and enabler in usage of trust for mutual value creation and knowledge sharing, that management functions in networks is the step of framing, activating, mobilizing and synthesizing. At the end, at take-off stage, the government shift to market governance by acting as contract participant for pricing and gate keeper for competition, that management functions in markets is the loop of designing, promoting, executing and terminating.In this study, several theoretical contributions are achieved in enriching governance theory and extending its application in entrepreneurial ecosystem. Firstly, we employ with governance theory to entrepreneurial ecosystem to develop the conceptual framework governance and compare their management functions, resources allocations and operation mechanisms in between hierarchical governance, network governance and market governance. Secondly, we figure out the linkage and differentiation in between above mentioned three governance model and their best match at different stages of the growth of new ventures. Thirdly, we illustrate the mechanism of interaction between entrepreneurs or entrepreneurial teams and the government and their interaction with other components of the entrepreneurial ecosystem from a micro perspective, fostering the evolution of entrepreneurial ecosystem. Lastly, we acknowledge the perception and understanding that entrepreneurial ecosystem is embedded with the attribution of "quasi-autonomous non-governmental organization", and identify government’s intervention through the market-oriented operation of its agency can help to overcome the incompleteness of the ecosystem and promote the legitimacy of new ventures.Nevertheless, through the narrative analysis to Hangzhou Dream Town, one of the best practices in China, this study has the outstanding practical implications in terms of "government-led & market-dominated" which prevails in emerging countries. First of all, government shall focus on public resources supply and allow the easy access to those supplied resources, to lower the thresholds of entrepreneurial entry, which is crucial to the healthy operation of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. In next, government shall act as per pre-defined three roles in three different stages, really responding the stage of new ventures creation in entrepreneurial ecosystem, thus reinforce combined "government-led & market-dominated" governance mechanism, and lead the development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem while maintain legitimacy of governance. Last but not the least, government shall attract more innovative start-up and new ventures with core competence in "scientific and technological innovation", and introduce capital investors and quality incubators, to enable their interaction and synergies in the entrepreneurial ecosystem, to collaborate and also compete with each other, thus forming the internal championship contest and minimizing the necessary intervention from government.
作者
李正卫
刘济浔
潘家栋
Li Zhengwei;Liu Jixun;Pan Jiadong(School of Management,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310023,Zhejiang,China;Educational Research Group of Economics,Party School of Zhejiang Provincial Committee of Communist Party of China,Hangzhou 311121,Zhejiang,China)
出处
《科研管理》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第12期42-50,共9页
Science Research Management
基金
浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题(19NDJC023Z)
关键词
创业生态系统
新创企业
政府治理
梦想小镇
entrepreneurial ecosystem
new ventures
government governance
dream town
