摘要
单亲二体(UPD)是指个体的同源染色体或其上的一部分均来自于双亲中一方的一种染色体缺陷,能够造成基因印记障碍或基因纯合突变,从而导致各类疾病,包括癌症。UPD的形成机制多样,主要由细胞分裂时染色体未正确分离所致。UPD不改变基因拷贝数,导致传统的细胞遗传学检测手段难以对其进行有效鉴定。近年来,随着单核苷酸多态性阵列等技术的出现,越来越多的UPD相关病例被检出,并发现其以非随机的形式出现在不同类型的癌症中,在癌症的发生、发展以及转移等过程中发挥重要作用。本文从UPD的形成机制、检测方法、影响区域、涉及基因、临床预后价值等方面,综述UPD在癌症中的作用研究进展,并讨论其发展趋势。
Uniparental disomy(UPD) refers to a chromosome defect that an individual’s homologous chromosome or segments are inherited from one parent. UPD can cause either aberrant patterns of genomic imprinting or homozygosity of mutations, leading to various diseases, including cancer. The mechanisms of UPD formation are diverse but largely due to the incorrect chromosome separation during cell division. UPD does not alter the number of gene copies, thus is difficult to be detected by conventional cytogenetic techniques effectively. Assisted by the new techniques such as single nucleotide polymorphism arrays, more and more UPD-related cases have been reported recently. UPD events are non-randomly distributed across cancer types, which play important role in the occurrence, development and metastasis of cancer. Here we review the research progress on the formation mechanisms, detection methods, the involved chromosomal regions and genes, and clinical significance of UPD;and also discuss the directions for future studies in this field.
作者
陈钿雨
祁鸣
CHEN Dianyu;QI Ming(Department of Genetics,Zhejiang Univrsity Schoo of Medicine,Hangzhou 310058,China;International Precision Medicine Research Center,Zhejiang.California International Nanosystems Institute,Hangzhou 310058,China;Di'an Diagnostics,Hangzhou 310030,China)
出处
《浙江大学学报（医学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第5期560-566,共7页
Journal of Zhejiang University(Medical Sciences)
关键词
肿瘤
单亲二体性
多态性
单核苷酸
染色体畸变
癌基因
基因
肿瘤抑制
综述
Neoplasms
Uniparental disomy
Polymorphism,single nucleotide
Chromosome aberrations
Oncogenes
Genes,tumor suppressor
Review
