摘要
针对传统电涡流缓速器制动力矩热衰退严重,液力缓速器结构复杂、价格高以及拖挂车辆缓速器安装位置的特殊性,提出了一种自励式车桥电磁液冷缓速器.研究了自励式车桥缓速器的结构特点和工作原理,利用电磁学原理推导出缓速器气隙磁密和制动力矩的公式,建立制动系统和发电系统的数学分析模型,对制动系统的磁路和发电系统的性能进行分析.设计了2000 N·m自励式车桥缓速器的三维模型,利用有限元法对其电磁场分布、制动力矩和发电特性等进行瞬态仿真分析,得出影响制动力矩和发电性能的相关因素.最后对自励式车桥缓速器样机进行台架试验,对缓速器样机制动特性和发电特性进行测试,并将测试结果与理论计算结果进行对比,得出测试结果与理论计算结果误差在6%以内;在车桥缓速器转速为1000 r/min时,制动力矩达到2000 N·m,工作20 min后,制动力矩为1580 N·m,下降了20.8%,满足重型车辆的要求;在转速为1000 r/min时,发电机负载电流达到90 A,满足供电需求,证明自励式车桥缓速器设计合理,满足车辆制动要求.
As we all know,there are a series of problems in the current retarder,such as,the high price and complicated construction of traditional hydraulic retarder,heat recession of the brake of eddy current retarder and the special installation site of trailers' retarder.To resolve these problems,a liquid cooled self-excited axle retarder was proposed based on the knowledge of electromagnetic.First,the electromagnetic knowledge was used to deduce the air-gap magnetic flux density and braking torque by analyzing the feature of construction and working principle.A model of the braking system and electrical power generating system was set up to analyze the magnetic circuit.Second,a 3D model of a 2000 N·m axle retarder was designed,and the electromagnetic field distribution,braking torque and power generation characteristics were analyzed by using finite element method.From this analysis,the relevant factors that affected the braking torque and power generation performance were derived.Finally,a bench test of the retarder prototype was preformed to test its brake characteristics and power generation characteristics.The test result shows that the error between the test result and the theoretical calculation is within 6%,and at a speed of 1000 r/min,the braking torque reaches 2000 N·m,after 20 minutes,the braking torque is 1580 N·m,with a decrease of 20.8%,meeting the requirements of heavy vehicles.At a speed of 1000 r/min,the generator load current reaches 90 A,and the above conclusions prove that the self-excited axle retarder design can meet the braking requirements and power supply requirements.
作者
李德胜
门爽
郭文光
高志伟
张凯
LI Desheng;MEN Shuang;GUO Wenguang;GAO Zhiwei;ZHANG Kai(College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)
出处
《北京工业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期123-131,共9页
Journal of Beijing University of Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51777003)
关键词
自励式
缓速器
制动力矩
气隙磁密
发电性能
电磁液冷
self-excited
retarder
braking torque
air-gap magnetic density
power generation performance
electromagnetic liquid cooling
