摘要
在政府统筹推进高质量高等教育公平之际,我国优质高等教育入学机会总量有所增加,其中北京、天津、上海、青海和宁夏5个地区始终处于前5位,而广西、云南和广东优质高等教育入学机会始终排在后几位。我国优质高等教育入学机会的地区差异较大,但有逐年缩小之势,主要原因在于优质高等教育招生计划省际差异的减小。从人口规模来看,我国人口规模较小省份的优质高等教育入学机会较高,但变化幅度较小,基本趋于稳定;人口大省的优质高等教育入学机会最低,但有增长趋势,整体优化幅度小于人口中等省份。对省际差异分解发现,2013—2016年不同人口规模地区间优质高等教育入学机会的差异有所缩小,但之后基本保持稳定,说明现有的区域优质高等教育入学机会的调整政策对均衡不同人口规模区域差异的作用基本饱和。因此,政府要加强对各地区适龄人口变化的监测,逐步弱化现有的以东部、中部和西部地区为标准的招生计划分配模式。
At the time of the government’s overall promotion of high-quality higher education equity,the total number of high-quality higher education enrollment opportunities in China has increased,among which Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Qinghai and Ningxia are always in the top five regions,while Guangxi,Yunnan and Guangdong are always the provinces with the lowest high-quality higher education enrollment opportunities.The regional differences of enrollment opportunities of high-quality higher education in China are large,but they are shrinking year by year.The main reason lies in the decrease of inter provincial differences in enrollment plans of high-quality higher education.From the perspective of population scale,the enrollment opportunities of high-quality higher education in the provinces with small population are relatively high,but the change range is relatively small and tends to be stable;the enrollment opportunities of high-quality higher education in the provinces with large population are the lowest,but there is a trend of growth,and the overall optimization range is smaller than that in the provinces with medium population.According to the decomposition of provincial differences,from 2013 to 2016,the differences in the enrollment opportunities of high-quality higher education between the regions with different population scales decreased,but they remained stable after that,which shows that the existing adjustment policies of enrollment opportunities of high-quality higher education in regions with different population scales basically saturated the role of balancing the differences between the regions.As a result,the government should strengthen the monitoring of the changes in the population of school-age in various regions,and gradually weaken the existing distribution and enrollment plan model with the eastern,central and western regions as the standard.
作者
刘宁宁
LIU Ningning(Institute of Higher Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)
出处
《重庆高教研究》
CSSCI
2020年第1期37-46,共10页
Chongqing Higher Education Research
关键词
优质高等教育
入学机会
地区差异
人口规模
教育公平
high-quality higher education
admission opportunities
regional differences
population size
educational fairness
