摘要
林火燃烧产生的大量烟气及颗粒物对大气环境、生态系统及人类健康有重要影响,揭示森林可燃物在不同燃烧状态下释放烟气颗粒物的主要成分对评价林火对生态环境影响具有重要意义.本研究以福建4种主要乔木树种(杉木、马尾松、大叶桉和樟树)凋落物(枝、叶)为样本,采用自主设计的生物质燃烧模拟系统,结合烟气、颗粒物分析仪,离子色谱仪和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分别测定燃烧烟气的主要成分(CO、CO2、NOx、Cx Hy)及其排放因子,测定颗粒物中水溶性离子(K^+、Ca^2+、F^-、Cl^-等10种)及主要元素(Al、As、B等11种)的排放因子.结果表明:(1)不同树木凋落物在阴燃状态下CO、Cx Hy、PM2.5排放强度及水溶性离子均高于明燃,而CO2和NOx排放强度则在明燃状态下较高;(2)4种林木凋落物阴燃与明燃状态下产生PM2.5排放因子范围分别为12.41~35.84、6.86~30.15 g·kg^-1;(3)颗粒物中不同离子含量均为阴燃高于明燃,其中K^+和Cl^-以KCl的形式析出,是水溶性离子的主要成分,分别占总水溶性离子的28.6%和17.6%.凋落物燃烧产生Zn、As和Ba是PM2.5中无机元素的主要组分,分别占总元素含量的50.86%、14.63%和6.86%.
Forest fire generates high volumes of smoke and particulate matters,imposing inneglectable threats upon atmospheric environment,ecosystem and human health.Dissecting the main components of forest smoke is pivotal for assessing its influence on ecological environment.Litters(branches and leaves)from 4 dominant tree species(Cunninghamialanceolata,Pinus massoniana,Eucalyptus robusta and Cinnamomumcamphora)in Fujian Province were burned under self-designed combustion system,and emission factors of gaseous(CO,CO2,NOx、Cx Hy)and 10 water-soluble ions(K^+,Ca^2+,F^-,Cl^-,etc.),11 main elements(Al,As,B,etc.)in particulate matters released during burning were measured by ion chromatography and ICP-MS.The results showed that emission factors of CO,Cx Hy and PM2.5 of different litter components under smoldering condition were higher than those under burning condition,while the emission intensities of CO2 and NOx were higher under burning condition.The emission factors of PM2.5 under smoldering and burning conditions reached 12.41-35.84 and 6.86-30.15 g·kg^-1,respectively.Quantities of anions and cations released from litters under smoldering condition was significantly higher than those under burning condition.K^+ and Cl^- were the main components of water-soluble ions,accounting for 28.6%and 17.6%of the total water-soluble ions.Zn,As and Ba were the dominant components of inorganic elements in PM2.5 from combusted tree litter,accounting for 50.86%,14.63%and 6.86%of the total element contents.
作者
马远帆
郭林飞
郭新彬
郑文霞
郭福涛
MA Yuanfan;GUO Linfei;GUO Xinbin;ZHENG Wenxia;GUO Futao(College of Forestry,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University;Collaborative Innovation Center of Soil and Water Conservation in Red Soil Region of the Cross-Strait,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China)
出处
《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第1期115-123,共9页
Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31770697)
福建农林大学杰出青年基金资助项目(XJQ201613)
福建农林大学国际科技合作与交流项目(KXB16008A)
关键词
凋落物
排放因子
水溶性离子
元素成分
litter
emission factor
water-soluble ions
element composition
