摘要
玉米机械化收获技术是玉米产业转变发展方式、提质增效、增强国际市场竞争力的重要途径之一,也是玉米全程机械化的研究重点和难点。当前我国玉米收获正处于由机械化摘穗收获方式向籽粒直收转变、收获装备转型升级的关键阶段。本文从机械化果穗收获和机械化籽粒直收两方面分析了国内外收获技术与装备研究现状和发展动态,分析了自动对行、割台高度自动调节、产量与水分检测技术和脱粒参数自动控制等智能化收获技术的研究进展,提出了建立标准化、机械化检测方法与技术手段,兼顾不同需求发展高性能、高效率、高可靠性农业装备,提升装备智能化水平的发展思路。
As the world s most widely grown cereal crop,corn can be used as food,animal feed and industrial raw materials.Mechanized harvest of maize is an important link in maize production.Traditional artificial harvest requires a lot of manpower,material resources and time,and the corn harvest process is heavy,labor intensity is big,and harvest efficiency is low.In China,the phenomenon of rushing to harvest corn is common in the areas where the corn is harvested twice a year or more a year,so as to ensure the timely harvest of corn and the timely sowing of wheat,which is of great significance to realize the double harvest of corn and wheat production.With the accelerated development of maize industry,its mechanized harvest becomes more and more important.Corn mechanized harvest technology is one of the important ways to change the development mode of corn industry,improve the quality and efficiency,and enhance the competitiveness of the international market.At present,corn harvesting is in a key stage of transformation from mechanized ear harvesting to direct grain harvesting and transformation and upgrading of harvesting equipment.The research status and development trend of harvest technology and equipment at home and abroad were analyzed from two aspects of mechanized ear harvest and mechanized seed direct harvest,and the research progress of intelligent mechanical harvest technology such as automatic row and height automatic adjustment of cutting table,yield and moisture detection technology and automatic control of threshing parameters were analyzed.The standardization and mechanization testing methods and technical means were put forward,both to different requirements of high performance,high efficiency,high reliability model of agricultural equipment,enhance the level of intelligent equipment development train of thought,in order to promote China s corn harvest mechanization technology progress and equipment upgrade to provide the reference.
作者
崔涛
樊晨龙
张东兴
杨丽
李义博
赵慧慧
CUI Tao;FAN Chenlong;ZHANG Dongxing;YANG Li;LI Yibo;ZHAO Huihui(College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第12期1-13,共13页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0700300、2016YFD0300300)
国家玉米产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-02)
关键词
玉米
收获机
智能化
maize
mechanized harvesting
intelligent
