摘要
为明确氮磷钾肥对春油菜养分吸收规律及养分效率的影响,在春油菜主产区进行田间小区试验,采用随机区组试验设计,试验5个处理分别是不施肥CK、NPK、缺氮PK、缺磷NK、缺钾NP,研究其对甘蓝型春油菜新品种青杂12号的产量、养分吸收量及养分利用效率的影响。结果表明:与不施肥处理相比,施用氮磷钾肥后籽粒产量显著增加(P<0.05),平均增产107%,平均增加产量1365 kg/hm^2;氮磷钾肥施用后对养分累积量有显著促进作用,以NPK处理累积量最高;氮、磷、钾肥的农学效率分别为10.5,5.8,4.5 kg/kg;养分利用率分别为43.8%,5.3%,14.9%;对春油菜籽粒产量贡献率分别为48.8%,13.4%,10.5%。在本试验条件中,对春油菜籽粒产量影响较大的是氮肥及磷肥,其次是钾肥;且氮磷钾肥共同施用才能达到高产目标和提高养分利用效率,能为春油菜区化肥减施提供理论依据。
In order to understand the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on nutrient absorption and nutrient efficiencies of spring rapeseed,the field plot experiment was carried out in the main irrigated area of spring rapeseed,and the randomized block test design was adopted.The five treatments were CK(no-fertilizing)NPK,PK with Nitrogen-deficient,NK with phosphorus-deficient,and NP with potassium-deficient.The effects of different treatments on yield,nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency of the spring rape variety Qingza No.12 were studied.Compared with no-fertilization treatment,the grain yield increased significantly after application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers(P<0.05),with the average yield 1365 kg/hm^2,increased by 107%;he application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer significantly promoted accumulation of nutrients,and the cumulative amount of NPK treatment was the highest;the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertiilizer was 10.5,5.8 and 4.5 kg/kg,respectively;nutrient utilization rates were 43.8%,5.3% and 14.9%,respectively;the contribution rates of spring rapeseed yield were 48.8%,13.4%and 10.5%,respectively.Under the conditions of this experiment,nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer were the most important factors for spring rapeseed grain yield,followed by potash fertilizer.The combination of NPK fertilizer can achieve high yield target and improve nutrient utilization efficiency,which provides a theoretical basis for the reduction of chemical fertilizer in spring rapeseed area.
作者
尚花
李月梅
塔林葛娃
李凤桐
SHANG Hua;LI Yuemei;TALIN Gewa;LI Fengtong(Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Academy of Agricultural and Forestry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Agricultural Environmental Science Observation Experiment Stations of Xining,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas,Xining 810016,China)
出处
《青海大学学报》
2019年第6期35-40,共6页
Journal of Qinghai University
基金
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD020090)
关键词
春油菜
氮
磷
钾
利用效率
spring rapeseed
nitrogen
phosphorus
potassium
utilization efficiency
