摘要
学界对旅游者具身体验的研究积累了一定成果,已具备推动旅游体验研究范式转型的能力。首先,文章总结本真性、凝视、表演等范式演进的动因和过程,提出具身理念在理解和解释旅游体验现象时的优势。继而从本体论、认识论和方法论层面阐释具身范式的内涵,总结该范式的基本原则与理论框架。研究认为,具身范式秉持"身体-主体"本体论,旅游具身体验是旅游者经由自我身体与旅游世界发生交互从而获得存在意义的过程。对旅游具身体验的呈现,需要综合符号学和非表征理论,依据"超表征"的认识论来理解。与之相应,提出获取现场数据、加深现象描述、揭示行动过程和涉入研究情境的方法论原则。
Paradigms play an important role in deepening a theoretical understanding of different phenomena and also in promoting the development of an academic discipline. Research into the tourist embodied experience has produced various theoretical and empirical results: those results have the potential for developing a new paradigm and allowing paradigmatic shifts. First, the present paper summarizes the motivation and process of the paradigm evolution of authenticity, gaze, and performance;this paper argues that the embodiment theory has unique advantages in understanding and explaining the phenomenon of tourism experience. Then, the study investigates the connotation of the embodiment paradigm from the aspects of ontology, epistemology, and methodology. This paper identifies the following features related to the embodiment paradigm.(1) There are many ways of metaphorical thinking related to the tourist experience, such as the pilgrimage metaphor, reading metaphor, and performance metaphor. This expands the approach to studies of tourism;however, these metaphors do not always play a positive role in the construction of tourist experience.(2) In the field of tourist experience research, three paradigm shifts have taken place: from authenticity to gaze;from gaze to performance;and from performance to embodiment. In the first shift, differences replace authenticity. In the second shift, the whole body replaces the visual centrality. In the third shift, the existential body replaces the instrumental body.(3) The embodied paradigm contains the "bodysubject"ontology;tourist embodied experience is a process in which tourists interact with the tourist world through their own bodies and then obtain the meaning of existence. With respect to the appearance of the tourist embodied experience, it is necessary to apply the epistemology of"more than representational"which is a combination of semiotics and non-representational theory. Accordingly,this study introduces the methodological principles of acquiring field data, producing more detailed descriptions of tourist phenomena, and presenting the process of action and involvement in a research situation.(4) The return of tourists’ subjectivity is a typical characteristic of the embodiment paradigm of the tourist experience: that puts the focus on tourists in special contexts by considering the bodily experience, existence feeling, and harmonious interaction with the world. This paradigm contains four distinct theoretical orientations:(a) practice guidance-as an important part of life, the tourist experience is a positive self-production practice;(b) daily life orientation-just as with the study of daily life, study of the tourist experience examines both the peak experience, which can produce tourist pleasure, and the daily experience that meets basic needs;(c) the idea of relational materialism-the tourist experience is not only related to people but is the product of the combined action of tourists,other people, natural entities, social materials, and services;and(d) microcosmic perspective-the embodied paradigm considers the generation of individual and situational knowledge. Different paradigms in social science are often in a process of mutual competition, mutual absorption, and common development. There are no absolute advantages or disadvantages among different paradigms.The significance of paradigm reflection lies in reviewing the history of academic research, clarifying the context of theoretical development, and providing enlightenment for future research.
作者
樊友猛
谢彦君
FAN Youmeng;XIE Yanjun(College of History and Culture,Qufu Normal University,Qufu 273165,China;College of Tourism,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;Tourism Experience Research and Design Center,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)
出处
《旅游学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第11期17-28,共12页
Tourism Tribune
关键词
旅游体验
身体
具身范式
旅游隐喻
非表征
tourist experience
body
embodiment paradigm
tourist metaphor
non-representational
