摘要
【目的】筛选出对3种三七根腐病致病菌具有强抑菌效果的拮抗植物,为制定三七根腐病绿色安全的防控措施提供科学依据。【方法】针对三七根腐病的3种致病菌[假单胞杆菌属(Pseudomonas sp.,菌株号B857)、无色杆菌(Achromobacter marplatensis,菌株号B562)和产碱菌属(Candidimonas sp.,菌株号B2681)],选用16种常见草本植物进行乙醇超声波提取,用二倍稀释法稀释成5个浓度梯度进行平板打孔抑菌试验,测量抑菌直径并计算毒力回归方程及致死中浓度(LC50),采用刃天青微孔板法观测16种植物提取液对3种病原菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),筛选出抑菌效果强的植物进行田间三七苗覆盖试验,观测其对三七出苗及农艺性状的影响。【结果】毒力测定结果显示,大狼毒对3种病原菌均非常敏感,LC50均小于0.100 g/mL;紫茎泽兰和黄花蒿对B857和B562非常敏感,LC50均小于0.100 g/mL;苦蒿、艾草和万寿菊对B857非常敏感,鬼针草对B562非常敏感,LC50均小于0.100 g/mL。MIC测定结果表明,万寿菊、苦蒿和紫茎泽兰对3种病原菌的抑菌效果较强,其中,万寿菊对3种病原菌的综合效果最强,对B562和B2681的MIC低至1.875 mg/mL,对B857的MIC为3.750 mg/mL;苦蒿对B857和B562的MIC为1.875 mg/mL;紫茎泽兰对B2681的MIC为1.875 mg/mL,对B562和B857的MIC为3.750 mg/mL。田间化感作用试验结果表明,万寿菊覆盖方式的三七出苗率最高,为75.86%,苦蒿覆盖方式的出苗率最低,为65.43%;3种植物覆盖方式对三七茎粗、叶长和叶面积无显著影响(P>0.05),对三七苗株高有显著促进作用(P<0.05,下同)。万寿菊和苦蒿覆盖方式致使三七苗叶宽变窄,且与对照差异显著。【结论】万寿菊和紫茎泽兰对3种三七根腐病致病菌的综合抑菌效果较强,且对三七生长无显著化感作用,万寿菊可直接采收后作为覆盖物返田利用,紫茎泽兰需烘干打粉后施用。刃天青微孔板法可作为植物源提取物最小抑菌浓度的测定方法。
【Objective】Screening antagonistic plants with strong antiseptic effects on the three pathogenic bacteria of notoginseng root rot,and providing a scientific basis for the development of safe control and control practices for notoginseng root rot.【Method】For notoginseng root rot three pathogenic bacteria[Pseudomonas sp.(strain No.B857),Achromobacter marplatensis(strain No.B562),Candidimonas sp.(strain No.B2681)],16 common herbs were selected for ethanol ultrasonic extraction.The anti-bacterial diameter was measured and the virulence regression equation and median lethal concentration(LC50)were calculated by diluting the five concentration gradients with twice dilution method for plate perforation bacteriostatic experiment.The minimum bacteriostatic concentration(MIC)of 16 plants on pathogenic bacteria was observed by Resazurin microporous plate method microporous plate method.The plants with strong bacteriostatic effect were screened for field mulch experiments to observe the effects on notoginseng seedlings and agronomic traits.【Result】The toxicity results showed that Euphorbia jolkinii Boiss.was very sensitive to all three pathogenic bacteria,and the LC50 was less than 0.100 g/mL.Eupatorium coelestinum L.and Artemisia annua L.were very sensitive to B857 and B562,and the LC50 was less than 0.100 g/mL.In addition,Artemisia lavandulaefolia DC.,Artemisia argyi H.Levl.et Vant.and Tagetes erecta L.were very sensitive to B857,and Bidens pilosa L.was very sensitive to B562,with LC50 less than 0.100 g/mL.The MIC showed that T.erecta,A.lavandulaefolia and E.coelestinum had the strongest bacteriostatic effects against three pathogenic bacteria.T.erecta had the strongest comprehensive bacteriostatic effect on three pathogenic bacteria,the MIC to B562 and B2681 was as low as 1.875 mg/mL,and the MIC to B857 was 3.750 mg/mL.MIC of A.lavandulaefolia to B857 and B562 was 1.875 mg/mL.MIC of E.coelestinum to B2681 was 1.875 mg/mL,and the MIC to B562 and B857 was 3.750 mg/mL.The results of the field-based effect test showed that T.erecta had the highest emergence rate at 75.86%and A.lavandulaefolia had the lowest emergence rate at 65.43%.The three treatments had no significant effect on the stem diameter,leaf length and leaf area(P>0.05)and the plant height was significantly promoted(P<0.05,the same below).T.erecta and A.lavandulaefolia treatment made the leaf width smaller but was not significantly different from the control.【Conclusion】T.erecta and E.coelestinum have the strongest antibacterial effect on the three pathogenic bacteria of notoginseng root rot,and have no significant allelopathy effect on notoginseng growth.T.erecta can be directly harvested as mulch return field utilization,E.coelestinum need to be made into dry powder before application.The Resazurin microporous plate method microporous plate method can be used as a method for the determination of the minimum bacteriostatic concentration of plant source extracts.
作者
李纪潮
杨天梅
杨绍兵
左应梅
杨美权
章朦玥
许宗亮
张金渝
LI Ji-chao;YANG Tian-mei;YANG Shao-bing;ZUO Ying-mei;YANG Mei-quan;ZHANG Meng-yue;XU Zong-liang;ZHANG Jin-yu(Institute of Medicinal Plant,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650231,China;School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics,Shenyang Pharmaceutical University,Shenyang 110021,China)
出处
《南方农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第10期2205-2213,共9页
Journal of Southern Agriculture
基金
国家自然科学基金项目（31760360）
云南省科技计划项目科技入滇专项（20171B038）
云南省重大科技专项（2016ZF001-01）
郑永齐院士工作站项目（2015IC017）
关键词
三七根腐病
致病菌
毒力测定
抑菌植物筛选
刃天青微孔板法
root rot of notoginseng
pathogenic bacteria
virulence determination
bacteriostatic plant screening
Resazurin microporous plate method
