摘要
过去 5 0年来 ,世界银行和其他国际发展机构提出的农村发展战略以提高农业生产率为主要目标 ,侧重在改善农业生产的基础设施、农业新科技的研究、推广和农产品的市场流通等。此举对增加农产品供给、提高卡路里摄取量、改善营养做出了很大的贡献 ,但因农产品的收入弹性和价格弹性低 ,农产品增产 ,农民不见得增收 ,农村贫困问题在许多遵循这一发展战略的发展中国家尚未得到解决。本文提出 ,农村贫困问题的解决必须以减少农村劳动力为主要战略目标。只有这样 ,留在农村的劳动力才有可能增产增收。而要大量转移农村劳动力则又必须使整个国民经济在发展早期按照比较优势 ,多发展劳动力密集型产业 ,增加城市的就业吸纳能力 ,农村转移出来的劳动力才不会变为城市的无业贫民。只有以农村劳动力转移为发展的主要目标 ,传统的以提高农业生产率为着眼点的农村发展战略才能真正解决农村贫困问题。
In the past 50 years, the rural development strategies, proposed by the World Bank and other international development agencies, aimed to enhance agricultural productivity, with focuses on improving production infrastructure, research, extension and marketing of agricultural product. Such strategies made important contributions to the increases of agricultural supply, calorie intakes, and nutrition improvements. However, because of agricultural product's low income elasticity and price elasticity, the increases in agricultural supply made limited contributions to the increase of farm income. Rural poverty is an unsolved problem in the developing countries that followed the above development strategy. In this paper, the author proposes to treat the reduction of rural labour as the goal of rural development strategy. Only by reducing rural labour, it is possible to increase rural income with the increase of agricultural production. However, the possibility to accommodate a large out migration of rural labour depends on the national economy to follow its comparative advantage and develop labour intensive industries at its early stage of development. Otherwise, the out migrated rural labour may become urban job less poor. Only the out migration of rural labour becomes the main development goal the traditional attempt to increase agricultural productivity can solve the poverty issue in rural area.
出处
《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2002年第5期5-8,共4页
Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
