摘要
脱胎于中国古代农耕文明的“采桑女”形象,以汉代为界,表现出截然不同的思想旨趣和艺术风貌。作为这一形象的艺术原点,上古“采桑”主题的文图叙事记录了先民生产、繁衍的集体无意识行为,是生殖崇拜和神巫祭祀等原始思维的产物。自汉代儒家思想成为意识形态主流话语起,通过“寓教于事”和“女师规训”两大示教方式,封建女教在不同时空的兴替变迁,尤其是这一传统自上而下的延伸渗透,深刻影响着采桑女形象的艺术变革进程。反之,从刘向标榜“女德楷模”秋胡妻开始,无论秦罗敷这类由汉代官方文化着意塑造的贵族“好女”,还是河西魏晋墓葬中具有写实功能的“采桑”题材画像砖,及至唐代变文讲唱、晚近戏曲表演等公共化形象艺术对“秋胡戏妻”故事的层累演绎等,封建时代诉诸文本、图像甚至舞台等艺术载体的采桑女叙事,其实无不以主张和传播“德言容功”“贞节大义”等女教知识为首要主题。
The images of“women picking mulberry leaves”originated from ancient Chinese agricultural civilization,and with the Han dynasty as a division marker,showed a completely different ideological orientation and artistic style.The themes of“women picking mulberry leaves”either in stories or in pictures recorded the collective unconscious behaviors of the ancestors’production and reproduction,and were the product of primitive thinking related to reproduction worship and religious rituals in ancient times.Since the Han dynasty,Confucianism as the dominant ideological discourse had profoundly influenced the artistic transformation of the images of“women picking mulberry leaves”through model-based education and strict female instruction as two principal methods.Correspondingly,the changes of the feudal female instruction in different historical periods and places,especially the top-down model of permeation of this feudal tradition,had exerted great influence on the artistic changes of the images of“women picking mulberry leaves”.Various literary and artistic works like Qiuhu Teasing His Wife praised as a female model by Liu Xiang,Qin Luofu as a good noble lady praised by the imperial court of the Han dynasty and the vivid female images inscribed on the tomb bricks of the Wei and Jin dynasties in Hexi area were interpreted in songs,literary texts,pictures,stories and operas since the Tang dynasty with the themes of good female morality and virtues in the female education.
作者
瞿萍
郑骥
QU Ping;ZHENG Ji(Institute of Dunhuang Studies,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China)
出处
《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第5期135-145,共11页
Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition
基金
2016年度国家社科基金重大项目“5~11世纪中国文学写本整理、编年与综合研究”(16ZDA175)
关键词
采桑女
女教
文本
图像
秋胡戏妻
“women picking mulberry leaves”
female education
text
image
Qiuhu Teasing His Wife
