摘要
在飞行过程中,飞行员需从座舱显示界面获取和处理很多视觉信息,大量的视觉信息会使飞行员脑力负荷过高,从而易导致飞行事故。为降低飞行员在飞行过程中的脑力负荷和提高飞行的安全性,需判断通航飞机座舱显示界面对飞行员脑力负荷的影响,并为通航飞机座舱显示界面优化设计提供依据。以塞斯纳172SP飞机为例,综合应用主观评价法、绩效评估法和生理测量法,对五边飞行过程中飞行员的脑力负荷进行评估。综合主观评分、飞行绩效、脑电(Electroencephalogram,EEG)指标、眼动指标的分析结果,得出了五边飞行不同飞行阶段的脑力负荷大小排序。采用眼动追踪技术对不同飞行阶段飞行员所关注的界面信息进行定位,确定飞机座舱显示界面上对脑力负荷影响较大的注视热区。结果显示飞行员在平飞阶段的脑力负荷较低,降落阶段的脑力负荷较高;显示界面侧滑指示器对脑力负荷的影响最大。综上可知结合脑力负荷测量和眼动指标可以有效地评价通航飞机座舱显示界面的性能。
Pilots need to acquire and process a lot of visual information from the cockpit display interface during flight. A lot of visual information could make the pilot overload the brain, which is easy to cause flight accidents. The influence of the general aviation aircraft display interface on pilots' mental workload was estimated, which provided a basis for the optimization of the design of the general aviation aircraft display interface, reducing the mental load of pilots in the process of flying missions and improving the flight safety. Taking Cessna 172SP as an example, the mental workload of pilots during airfield traffic pattern was evaluated by subjective evaluation, performance evaluation and physiological measurement. Based on the analysis results of subjective scores, flight performance, EEG (Electroencephalogram) indicators and eye movement indicators, the order of mental workload for different flight stages of airfield traffic pattern was obtained. Eye tracking technology was used to locate the interface information that pilots paid attention to in different flight stages. The gaze hot zone that had a greater impact on mental workload in cockpit display interface were determined. It was showed that the pilots' mental workload during the horizontal flight was smaller, and it was larger during the landing flight. The interface side-slip indicator showed the greatest impact on the mental workload. In summary,mental workload measurement combined with eye movement indicators can effectively evaluate the performance of general aviation aircraft display interface.
作者
张宁宁
范思岑
王丹丹
邹媛媛
任宏
ZHANG Ning-ning;FAN Si-cen;WANG Dan-dan;ZOU Yuan-yuan;REN Hong(Department of Industrial Design,ShenyangAerospace University,Shenyang 110136,China)
出处
《工程设计学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第4期409-415,共7页
Chinese Journal of Engineering Design
基金
辽宁省博士启动基金资助项目（20170520239）
辽宁省教育厅系列项目（L201766）
沈阳航空航天大学引进人才科研启动基金资助项目（13YB18,18YB63）
关键词
脑力负荷
通航飞机
显示界面
视觉信息
mental workload
general aviation aircraft
display interface
visual information
