摘要
目的调查高龄二胎孕妇自我效能感状况和防御方式,了解主要心理问题。方法采用便利抽样抽取467名孕妇,采用一般自我效能感量表(GSES)和防御方式问卷(DSQ)分别对其自我效能感状况和防御方式进行调查,探究高龄二胎孕妇自我效能感、心理防御方式之间的关系。结果本次调查共发放问卷500份,收回有效问卷467份,问卷有效率93.4%。高龄二胎孕妇自我效能感的总体得分(26.97±5.17)分,低于适龄组的(28.67±5.25)分,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.414,P<0.05)。孕妇防御方式得分在学历上有差异,学历本科及以上组得分高于专科及以下组(49.66±6.62 vs. 47.23±7.13,P<0.01);孕妇防御方式得分在在职情况上有差异,在职组得分高于非在职组(49.35±6.56 vs. 47.60±7.77, P<0.05)。孕妇自我效能感与防御方式关系研究显示,成熟防御方式得分与自我效能感呈正相关(r=0.292,P<0.01)。结论高龄二胎孕妇应对压力的能力不足。护理人员应提供适当的心理干预措施,帮助孕妇科学认知自身防御方式现状并提高自我效能水平,使高龄二胎孕妇以更加健康的身心状态度过妊娠期和分娩期。
Objective To investigate the self-efficacy and defense mechanism of advanced maternal age women( aged 35 years or over) who will give birth to a second child. Methods Totally 476 pregnant women were selected by a convenience sampling method. A questionnaire survey with General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES)and Defense Style Questionnaire(DSQ)was conducted. The relationship between self-efficacy and defense mechanism among pregnant women was analyzed. Results The total score of GSES was(26.97±5.17)in pregnant women aged 35 years or over, which was lower than(28.67±5.25)in women aged between 20 and 34 years(t=-2.414,P<0.05). In terms of defense mechanism, pregnant women with bachelor degree or higher education level achieved higher DSQ score than that of pregnant women with college-level or lower education level(49.66±6.62 vs. 47.23±7.13,P<0.01), Pregnant women still in work achieved higher DSQ score than that of pregnant women being off work(49.35±6.56 vs. 47.60±7.77, P<0.05). There was a positive relationship between mature defense mechanism and self-efficacy among pregnant women aged 35 years or over who will give birth to a second child(r=0.292,P<0.01). Conclusion Findings of this study showed that advanced maternal age women who will give birth to a second child are unable to cope with stress properly. Corresponding psychological intervention should be carried out to improve the self-efficacy and defense mechanism of pregnant women, in order to ensure the mental health of pregnant women during pregnancy and stages of labor.
作者
张静
朱琳
侍学
许文浍
董硕
殷鹏辉
丁亚萍
季明辉
朱军华
ZHANG Jing;ZHU Lin;SHI Xue;XU Wenkuai;DONG Shuo;YIN Penghui;DING Yaping;JI Minghui;ZHU Junhua(Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, 046000;School of Nursing Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166)
出处
《中西医结合护理（中英文）》
2019年第6期16-19,共4页
Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice
关键词
高龄孕妇
自我效能感
心理防御方式
心理干预
advanced maternal age women
self-efficacy
defense mechanism
psychological intervention
