摘要
探索中国出口企业成本加成的高低问题需要对企业参与全球分工的细节展开分析。本文基于2000-2007年中国工业企业数据、海关数据和细分部门的投入产出表,借鉴行业上游度的方法测算了制造企业的出口、进口和净出口上游度,刻画企业在全球价值链中的嵌入位置。本文进一步测算了出口企业的成本加成,实证检验贸易上游度与成本加成的关系。计算发现,2000年以来,我国一般贸易进口上游度呈现明显的上升趋势。回归分析发现,出口上游度越高,成本加成越高;净出口上游度越高,成本加成越低;进口上游度与成本加成关系不明确。异质性检验发现,上述影响在外资企业和加工贸易企业中更为明显。机制检验发现,净出口上游度高导致企业成本加成较低的原因在于:更多国内生产环节的企业是通过增加国内中间品采购,而非通过研发和固定资产投资向上游延伸产业链。
This paper calculates export upstreamness, import upstreamness and net export upstreamness of manufacturing enterprises to portray their position in the global value chain, using the data of Chinese Industrial Enterprises Database, customs data and input-output tables of sub-sectors from 2000 to 2007. We further empirically estimate firm markup and regress the relationship between trade upstreamness and markup. We find that China s total import upstreamness in ordinary trade has increased evidently since 2000, which indicates that Chinese export goods experience more domestic production stages. Regression analyses show that export upstreamness is positively related with markup while net export upstreamness negatively with markup, but the correlation between import upstreamness and markup is unclear. Heterogeneity tests find that the above effect is more obvious for foreign enterprises and processing traders. Mechanism analyses find that the net export upstreamness is negatively correlated with markup because manufacturers use more domestic inputs to purchase intermediates, rather than to extend to the upstream via R&D and fixed-asset investment.
作者
沈鸿
向训勇
顾乃华
SHEN Hong;XIANG Xunyong;GU Naihua(Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics,310018;Jinan University,510632)
出处
《财贸经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第8期83-99,共17页
Finance & Trade Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目“汇率不确定性如何影响企业的投资和就业:理论、实证和对策研究”(71803060)
广东省自然科学基金博士启动项目“不确定性在出口市场中的传导机制和效应:基于微观企业的研究”(2018A030310620)
广州市人文社会科学重点研究基地“广州市现代产业新体系研究基地”资助项目(2017rwjd00125)
