摘要
为探究紫花苜蓿不同种植布局对苹果园害虫及天敌的影响,在山东省沂水市苹果园设置了紫花苜蓿逐行、隔1行和隔2行种植的布局方式,以自然生草区为对照,系统调查了4种生草方式苹果园果树上和生草上害虫及天敌的发生动态。结果表明:害虫的调查总量,紫花苜蓿逐行种植区最少,比隔1行种植区少20.29%,比隔2行种植区少48.53%,比自然生草区少49.91%;苹果树上天敌的调查总量,紫花苜蓿隔1行种植区最多,是逐行种植区的1.13倍、隔2行种植区的1.29倍、自然生草区的1.78倍;生草上天敌的调查总量,紫花苜蓿逐行种植区最多,是隔1行种植区的1.05倍、隔2行种植区的1.19倍、自然生草区的1.66倍;益害比方面,紫花苜蓿逐行种植区和隔1行种植区的益害比明显高于其他生草区。综合防治效果和种植成本,紫花苜蓿隔1行种植的布局方式更合理。
In order to define the effects of different planting layouts of Medicago sativa on pests and natural enemies in apple orchards,we investigated the occurrence dynamics of pests and natural enemies in the Yishui apple orchard in Shandong.M.sativa was planted by every row,every two rows and every three rows,taking the natural grass area as the control group.The results showed that the total number of pests in area of M.sativa planted by every row was the least,it was20.29%less than that in M.sativa planted by every two rows area,48.53%less than that in M.sativa planted by every three rows area and 49.91%less than that in natural grass area.The total number of natural enemies on trees in M.sativa planted by every two rows area was the most,which was 1.13 times of that in M.sativa planted by every row area,1.29 times of that in M.sativa planted by every three rows area and 1.78 times of that in natural grass area.The total number of natural enemies on grass in M.sativa planted by every row area was the most,which were 1.05 times of that in M.sativa planted by every two rows area,1.19 times of that in M.sativa planted by every three rows area and 1.66 times that in natural grass area.The ratios of natural enemy to pest in areas of M.sativa planted by every two rows was the highest,followed by M.sativa planted by every row.The results show that from the perspectives of control effects and planting costs,the layout of M.sativa planted by every two rows is better.
作者
张硕
刘锦
陈鹏
王晓
迟宝杰
尹淑艳
刘永杰
ZHANG Shuo;LIU Jin;CHEN Peng;WANG Xiao;CHI Baojie;YIN Shuyan;LIU Yongjie(College of Plant Protection,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018;School of Landscape Science and Engineering,Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University;Shandong Cotton Research Center)
出处
《中国果树》
北大核心
2019年第4期53-57,共5页
China Fruits
基金
国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0201113)
山东省重点研发计划(2017CXGC0214)
关键词
矮化苹果园
紫花苜蓿
种植布局
害虫
天敌
发生动态
dwarf apple orchard
Medicago sativa
planting layout
pests
natural enemies
occurrence dynamic
