摘要
在山东省蓬莱市瑞枫·奥塞斯葡萄基地检测了连续7年清耕、使用除草剂、自然生草、种植狗牙草和种植高羊茅对土壤理化性状和细菌群落的影响。结果表明:相比于清耕,其他4种土壤管理模式均降低了土壤容重,以种植高羊茅最为明显;除种植狗牙草显著提高土壤p H值外,其他3种土壤管理模式对土壤p H值无显著性影响;其他4种土壤管理模式均降低了土壤电导率,以自然生草最明显,降幅达48.1%;生草不同程度地提高了土壤氮磷钾和有机质含量,使用除草剂对氮磷钾含量无显著影响,而使有机质含量降低了39.6%。与清耕相比,生草和使用除草剂均增加了土壤微生物数量和群落多样性,以种植狗牙草的土壤细菌OTU数量和多样性最高;生草提高了土壤有益菌丰度,降低了有害菌丰度,总体上看以种植狗牙草效果最为突出;使用除草剂显著降低了大多数有益菌丰度。对土壤最主要的30个细菌菌落而言,不同土壤管理模式对其产生了不同影响,高羊茅和除草剂对微生物菌属的影响最接近,狗牙草对微生物菌属的影响与其他2种草差异较大。总之,生草模式优于清耕和使用除草剂,不同草种各具优势。
Here,the five soil managements were investigated,including clear tillage,applying herbicide,widely growing-grass,man-planting Cynodond dactylon and Festuca arundinacea.The results showed that compared with the control of clear tillage,the other four soil managements and particularly Festuca arundinacea decreased bulk density.Cynodond dactylon significantly enhanced soil pH and the other three managements did not product significant effects on pH.Sowing grass and applying herbicide reduced soil electrical conductivity and particularly wildly growing-grass led to the decrement of 48.1%.Sowing grass enhanced the content of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and organic matter,while applying herbicide did not affect the levels of the three elements but made the organic matter decrease 39.6%.Compared with clear tillage,sowing grass and applying herbicide increased the quantity and diversity of bacterium community,and the highest quantity and diversity were found in sowing-Cynodond dactylon soil.Sowing grass and particularly Cynodond dactylon increased the quantity of the beneficial bacteria and reduced the harmful bacteria;in contrast,applying herbicide reduced most of the beneficial bacteria.As regards the top 30 bacteria communities,the different soil managements imparted distinct effects,Festuca arundinacea and herbicide led to similar effects on them,and Cynodond dactylon produced different results compared to the other two grasses.Sowing grass is better than clear tillage and applying herbicide,and different grasses have their unique advantages.
作者
姜亦文
相广庆
王辉
杜远鹏
姚玉新
JIANG Yiwen;XIANG Guangqing;WANG Hui;DU Yuanpeng;YAO Yuxin(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018)
出处
《中国果树》
北大核心
2019年第4期32-38,共7页
China Fruits
基金
山东省自然科学基金(ZR2018MC021)
国家现代葡萄产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-29)
关键词
葡萄园
清耕
除草剂
生草
理化性状
细菌群落
vineyard
clear tillage
herbicide
growing-grass
physical and chemical properties
bacterial community
