摘要
改革开放以来,流动人口成为东部沿海城市常住人口的重要组成部分,对城市的建设与发展发挥着举足轻重的作用。然而由于户籍壁垒和相关制度建构的不完善性,流动人口面临着多维劣势,成为城市里的弱势群体,社会参与和城市融入不足,对流动人口的管理与服务成为城镇社会治理的重要环节。社会工作作为社会治理中的重要的行动主体,近些年愈发受重视和重用,越来越多的社会工作参与到社会治理和流动人口服务当中,以维护流动人口的合法权益,促进其社会融入,推动流动人口服务的社会化、专业化水平。然而流动人口社会工作的边界范围在哪里,已开展推行的流动人口社会工作效能如何,学界并未深入地探讨。以SZ市为例,根据对该市四家社会工作机构的案例实证研究,从社工机构和社会工作者视角出发,对流动人口社会工作实践经验进行分析评价,以探究流动人口社会工作服务的效能和边界范围,并就流动人口社会工作发展的推进路径给出建议。研究发现,目前针对流动人口和本地人口的社会工作出现了融合的趋势;流动人口社会工作更多地是针对儿童、老人和家庭妇女,以项目制的形式,综合使用多种社会工作介入方法,以社区为主要平台开展服务,流动人口社会工作与社区治理相结合;主要目的是促进流动人口的城市适应和社区融合,从而推动流动人口的社会融入。流动人口社会工作针对老人和家庭妇女的服务效果较好,在促进其城市适应、增加社会互动和参与,从而推动其城市融入上发挥了积极作用,而针对其他流动人口群体的服务效果较差。且目前已有的流动人口社会工作服务对象较为狭窄,主要针对儿童、老人和家庭妇女;服务内容较为刻板,主要以推动流动人口互助、融合等操作性较强的服务和项目为主;服务层次较为浅显,仅限于个体和社会关系层次,无力解决流动人口问题产生的制度性原因,相关政策倡导动能不足。为推动流动人口社会工作的发展,以促进流动人口社会融入的进一步深入,应加快流动人口社会工作的本土化进程,增强流动人口社会工作的社会认同,打破现有界限、拓宽服务范围,加大支持力度、转变服务理念、加强队伍建设。
Since the reform and opening-up, mobile population has become an important part of the permanent population of the eastern coastal cities, playing a pivotal role in the construction and development of the city. However, due to the household registration barriers and the imperfections of related systems, mobile population faces multiple disadvantages and becomes a vulnerable group in urban community, thus their social participation and urban integration are insufficient, and the management and service of the mobile population have become an important part in urban social governance. As an important subject of action in social governance, social work has become more and more valuable in recent years. More and more social work is involved in social governance and the services for mobile population to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of migrants, promote their social integration, and propel the socialization and specialization of the services for mobile population. However, for the issues like where the boundaries of the social work for mobile population are and what the effectiveness of the social work for mobile population is, there is no in-depth discussion in the academia. Taking SZ city as an example, based on the empirical research on the case of four social work institutions in SZ city, from the perspective of social work institutions and social workers, this research analyzes and evaluates the practice experience of social work for mobile population to explore the effectiveness and boundaries of it and gives some recommendations of advancing paths. The research finds the current social work for mobile population and the social work for the local population have a tendency to merge. The social work for mobile population is more directed at children, the elderly and women. Multiple social work intervention methods in the form of project system are used. Community is used as a main platform on which community governance and social service are combined to promote urban adaptation and community integration of the mobile population, thus promoting the social integration of the mobile population. The social work for mobile population has a better effect on the services for the elderly and household women, and has played an active role in promoting their urban adaptation, increasing their social interaction and participation,and promoting their integration into urban community. However, the effectiveness of others is poor. And the objects of existing social work for mobile population in SZ City are relatively narrow, mainly targeting at children, the elderly and household women. The service content is relatively rigid, mainly including some strong operational services and projects to promote mutual assistance and integration of mobile population. The level is relatively low, which is limited to the level of individual and social relations and unable to solve the institutional reasons causing the problem of mobile population. And the related policies advocacy is insufficient. In order to promote the development of the social work for mobile population and propel the further social integration of the mobile population, we should accelerate the localization process of the social work for mobile population, enhance the social identity of the social work for mobile population, break the existing boundaries of services, broaden the existing scope of services, increase support level, change the service idea and strengthen social work team building.
作者
陶霞飞
TAO Xiafei(Zhou Enlai Government School of Management, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China)
出处
《四川理工学院学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第3期18-37,共20页
Journal of Sichuan University of Science & Engineering(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(12JZD022)
关键词
社会工作
流动人口
服务效能
服务范围
服务边界
推进路径
social work
mobile population
effectiveness of service
scope of service
boundaries of service
advancing paths
