摘要
油茶(Camellia oleifera Abel.)是世界四大木本食用油料树种之一。茶油具有抗氧化、抗炎症等作用,被广泛用作食用油和辅助药物。为探究油茶果实和种子生长发育规律以及主要营养物质的动态变化,本研究以"赣石83-2"油茶为材料,采用形态学观察、石蜡切片以及气相色谱-质谱联用技术,对果实、种子形态,种子胚胎发育情况进行观察,对在种子发育后期的可溶性糖、蛋白质、脂肪酸等含量进行测定。结果表明:根据形态学观察和单果质量等变化趋势可将果实生长发育分为4个阶段,且生长发育主要集中在花后35～46周(Weeks After Flower 35～46,35～46 WAF)。种子在41 WAF时基本发育完全,胚胎发育过程依次为球形胚(29～33 WAF),心形胚(33～38 WAF),鱼雷形胚(38～41 WAF)和成熟胚(41～54 WAF)。种子发育后期检测到可溶性糖含量逐渐下降,蛋白质含量变化不明显,而脂肪酸含量不断增加。其中,油酸含量持续增加,成熟时占脂肪酸总量的79.04%,而亚麻酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸的比例随着种子成熟而降低。本文研究结果可为油茶育种和栽培管理提供理论依据。
The Camellia oleifera Abel.is one of the four major woody edible oil species in the world.Tea oil has antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and other effects,and is widely used as an edible oil and auxiliary drug.In order to investigate the growth and development of Camellia oleifera fruits and seeds,as well as the dynamic changes of the main nutrient during its development process,a cultivated variety of C.oleifera,"Ganshi 83-2" was used as experimental material,for the morphology observation of seed embryo development by techniques suchas the paraffin section,the fruits,seeds morphologyand the fatty acid composition determination by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,and the soluble sugar and protein detection.The results showed that the growth of C.oleifera fruits were mainly concentrated in 35~46 weeks after flowering(Weeks After Flower 35~46,35~46 WAF).According to the morphological observation and the quality of single fruit,the fruits growth and development could be divided into four stages.The seeds were fully developed at 41 WAF.The embryo was developed in the order of the globular embryo(29~33 WAF),the heart-shaped embryo(33~38 WAF),the torpedo-shaped embryo(38~41 WAF) and the mature embryo(41~ 54 WAF).At the mature embryo stage of seeds development,the soluble sugar content was gradually decreased,but the protein content did not changed obviously.In contrast, the fatty acids content was increased,in which the oleic acid content continued to increase,accounting for 79.04% of the total fatty acids at maturity,while the percentage of linolenic acid,palmitic acid and stearic acid decreased with the maturity of the seeds.The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the breeding and cultivation management of C.oleifera.
作者
梁文静
肖萍
崔萌
付宇新
罗丽萍
LIANG Wenjing;XIAO Ping;CUI Meng;FU Yuxin;LUO Liping(College of Life Science,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China;Jiangxi Academy of Forestry,Nanchang 330013,China)
出处
《南昌大学学报（理科版）》
CAS
北大核心
2019年第1期46-52,共7页
Journal of Nanchang University(Natural Science)
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31772067)
首批江西省"5511"科技创新人才基金资助项目(20165BCB18005)
关键词
油茶
果实发育
种子胚胎发育
石蜡切片
Camellia
fruit development
seed embryonic development
paraffin section
