摘要
化肥是保障国家粮食安全和农产品有效供给必不可少的投入品之一,但化肥的过量施用会削弱植物生产能力、浪费紧缺资源、污染环境。通过分析桃园化肥的减施增效技术,总结了在不影响桃树产量和品质的基础上减少化肥用量的措施,主要包括通过合理间种、生草、落叶归根、秋施基肥等措施增加桃园有机质,培肥地力;通过整形修剪、疏花疏果、适时采收等树体管理,减少养分消耗,提高树体自身的养分积累和转化率;通过保叶养叶保证树体营养积累;采用水肥一体化、测土配方施肥等节肥技术,实现化肥减施、增效。
Chemical fertilizer is an indispensable input to ensure national food security and effective supply of agricultural products. However, excessive application of chemical fertilizer will weaken plant productivity, waste a lot of scarce resources, pollute the environment and so on. By analyzing and summarizing the techniques of reducing fertilizer application and increasing efficiency in peach orchard, we can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer on the basis of not affecting the yield and quality of peach trees. Through rational intercropping, grass growing, deciduous rooting and autumn application of basic fertilizer, organic matter in peach orchards can be increased and soil fertility can be improved. The nutrient consumption was reduced and the nutrient accumulation and conversion rate of the tree itself was improved by tree management such as pruning, flower thinning and fruit thinning and timely harvesting. Leaf maintenance ensures the accumulation of nutrients in trees. Advanced fertilizer-saving technologies such as water and fertilizer integration, formula fertilization by soil testing are adopted to realize fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement.
作者
谷风杰
张婧
张勇
马亚男
曹永强
GU Feng-jie;ZHANG Jing;ZAHNG Yong;MA Ya-nan;CAO Yong-qiang(Forestry Bureau of Xiajin County, Shandong Province, Xiajin 253200, China;Forestry Bureau of Qihe County,Shandong Province, Qihe 251100, China;Shandong Fruit Tree Research Institute, Tai'an 271000, China)
出处
《中国果菜》
2019年第4期45-49,共5页
China Fruit & Vegetable
基金
“十三五”重点研发计划“华北桃树肥药减施增效技术集成研究与示范”课题(2018YFD0201407)
关键词
桃园
化肥减施增效技术
培肥地力
节肥技术
Peach orchard
technology of reducing fertilizer application and increasing efficiency
fertilizing soil fertility
fertilizer saving technology
