摘要
城市贫困是2020年后反贫困政策的重点盯住问题,本文引入金融素养视角,使用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,研究了金融素养对中国城市的影响。考虑到反向因果导致的内生性问题,本文使用父母金融素养和同社区平均金融素养作为工具变量,还使用联立方程模型约束了遗漏变量导致的内生性问题,并对金融素养减贫效应的内在机制进行了扩展研究。结果表明,金融素养对城市贫困减缓具有显著积极影响,该种影响有其金融知识属性和金融决策内涵,不同于一般认知能力。但中国城镇居民金融素养水平较低,通过金融教育改善金融素养是实现城市减贫的重要政策选择。比较金融素养对收入贫困、资产贫困和贫困脆弱性的不同影响发现,金融素养不仅能够体现贫困人口的收入"开源",而且可以通过影响资产配置行为,实现财富积累,并提升收入稳健性,金融素养不足是城市贫困主体增收但不减贫现象的重要原因。基于异质样本的研究表明,贫困深度更浅的贫困主体,从金融素养提升中获得的相对收益更高,金融素养对城市减贫体现为收入加成作用,是收入提升政策的有效补充。本文的研究结论为理解城市贫困的致贫原因提供了新视角,对城市贫困政策制定有参考价值。
Anti-poverty policy after 2020 concerns for studies on urban poverty in China. By using China Family Panel Survey (CFPS), this paper investigates the relationship between financial literacy and urban poverty. Two-step IV-Probit model is used to deal with the endogeneity caused by reverse causality where the financial literacy of parents and the average financial literacy in the same community are set as the instrument variables. SEM model is used to solve the endogeneity caused by omitted variables. We also explore the mechanism of the poverty reduction effect of financial literacy. The study shows that financial literacy can reduce urban poverty significantly. It is financial knowledge but not simply ability that can affect urban poverty. Due to the low level of financial literacy in urban China, improve financial literacy through financial education can be very useful to reduce urban poverty. Financial literacy can have different effect on income poverty, asset poverty, and poverty vulnerability, which means that the households with more financial literacy are not only more likely to have a better income, but also they can accumulate assets in the long run by allocating their financial assets more wisely. Low level financial literacy can explain the fact that income increase may not achieve poverty reduction linearly. Financial education can be a complementary policy to the income increase policies and the poverty households near the poverty line can gain more than the deep poverty households. This paper shows a novel explanation for urban poverty which can benefit the poverty reduction policy.
作者
单德朋
SHAN De-peng(Department of Economics,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China)
出处
《中国工业经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第4期136-154,共19页
China Industrial Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目"民族地区实现2020年减贫目标的距离估算与精准扶贫政策研究"(批准号15CMZ029)
国家社会科学基金青年项目"凉山彝区隐性贫困测度与精准扶贫政策研究"(批准号18CMZ041)
关键词
金融素养
城市贫困
资产贫困
贫困脆弱性
financial literacy
urban poverty
asset poverty
poverty vulnerability
