摘要
为探讨投喂率和投喂频率对鱼类生长和肝脏健康的影响,以吉富罗非鱼(Oreachromis niloticus)幼鱼(3.78 g±0.01 g)为研究对象,采用4×2双因子实验设计,设置了4个投喂率(8%、10%、12%和表观饱食投喂)和2个投喂频率(2次/d、3次/d),共8个处理,在24个循环水养殖桶(有效容积100 L)中养殖30 d。结果显示:在8%～12%的投喂率下,投喂频率对实验鱼的生长性能和饲料利用无显著影响,但发现表观饱食投喂3次/d的实验鱼生长性能和饲料效率最佳,其增重率和特定生长率显著高于投喂率8%实验组,饲料效率和蛋白质效率显著高于投喂率10%和12%实验组,而饲料成本则显著低于投喂率12%实验组。投喂率和投喂频率对实验鱼的肥满度、脏体比以及干物质、粗蛋白和粗脂肪的表观消化率无显著影响。随投喂率的增加,实验鱼的成活率提高,其肝脏和去内脏全鱼的粗脂肪含量逐渐增加,但肌肉和内脏的粗脂肪无显著变化。投喂率和投喂频率对实验鱼血清总蛋白、球蛋白、甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量及碱性磷酸酶、谷丙转氨酶活性无显著影响,但投喂率为10%的实验组血清谷草转氨酶活性显著高于投喂率8%实验组的血糖水平随投喂率的增加而升高。实验鱼肝细胞的核面积比例不受投喂率和投喂频率的影响,而空泡面积比例以表观饱食投喂的最大。依据生长性能和饲料利用,吉富罗非鱼幼鱼选择表观饱食投喂3次/d效果较好,但会产生体脂肪积累过多,肝细胞空泡增大等影响;若综合考虑生长和养殖成本,以10%的投喂率,投喂2次/d为宜。
A 4×2 factorial experiment was carried out in circulating system to investigate the effects of feeding rate and feeding frequency on growth performance and liver health status of the juvenile genetic improvement of farmed Oreochromis niloticus ( GIFT, 3.78 g±0.01 g). Totally of 24 tanks were contained ( 100 L) with 4 feeding rates ( 8%, 10% and 12% body weight per day, and apparent satiation feeding at each meal) and 2 feeding frequencies ( 2 and 3 meals/day) were designed, altogether contianed 8 treatments, 3 tanks in each treatment, 30 fish in each tank and over a period of 30 days. The results showed that feeding frequencies did not significant affect the growth performance and feed utilization in 8%-12% feeding rate. Fish received a diet 3 meals/day to apparent satiation had best growth performance and feed ulitilization, which showed higher weight rate and specific growth rate than that fed 8% body weight per day ( BW/d). The feeding efficiency and protein efficiency ratio in apparent satiation group were significantly higher than those fed 10% and 12% BW/d, and had lower feeding cost than that fed 12% BW/d. There were no statistically difference in the effectiveness of feeding rates and feeding frequencies on condition factor and viscera somatic index, and apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and crude fat of diet. With increasing feeding rate, the crude fat contents of liver and eviscerated whole body were increased, whereas the crude fat contents of muscle and viscera were not significant variation. Feeding rates and feeding frequencies had no significant effect on the serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activity, levels of total protein, globulin, cholesterol and triglyceride. However, fish fed 10% BW/d had higher serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase activity that than fed 8% BW/d. The serum glucose content increased with the feeding rate increasing. The area ratio of hepatocyte nucleus was not affect by feeding rates and feeding frequencies, while the maximum area ratio of hepatocyte vacuolar were found in fish fed a diet to apparent satiation. Therefore, it is better to fed a diet 3 meals/day to apparent satiation for juvenile GIFT according to the growth performance and feed utilization, but that could caused excessive accumulation of body fat and increase hepatocyte vacuoles. While considering the growth performance and operation cost, feeding rate should be 10% BW/d, feeding frequency should be 2 meals /d.
作者
刘伟
文华
蒋明
吴建军
吴凡
田娟
陆星
喻丽娟
LIU Wei;WEN Hua;JIANG Ming;WU Jian-jun;WU Fan;TIAN Juan;LU Xing;YU Li-juan(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China;WuHan Sunhy Biology CO.,ltd,Wuhan 430074,China)
出处
《淡水渔业》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第2期84-93,共10页
Freshwater Fisheries
基金
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-46)
中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2018JBF05)
