摘要
癌症治疗一直是临床医疗领域未攻克的难题,随着癌症发生率和死亡率的逐年增加,研究全新的治疗方法一直是基础医学领域的研究热点。癌症治疗中面临的最为主要困难之一为癌细胞的免疫逃逸,因此免疫治疗成为近年来发展起来的全新的治疗方法,并且取得了很好的疗效。最初,利用免疫调节剂增强机体免疫功能;此后发展起来肿瘤疫苗的概念,DC疫苗通过抗原提呈细胞负载抗原,激活肿瘤特异性的免疫细胞,诱导免疫应答;近年来又发展了CAR-T治疗等过继性免疫治疗,从病人身上分离出免疫T细胞后利用基因工程免疫应答和体外扩增,最后输回病人体内;还有最新的PD-1免疫疗法,利用阻断剂阻止PD-1和PD-L1的识别过程,重新激活T细胞的功能,从而杀死靶细胞。本文将对免疫正向激活,过继性免疫治疗和免疫结合点阻断治疗方面及应用进行介绍,并结合目前的研究成果提出自己的观点和讨论。
Cancer treatment has always been an unsolved problem in the field of clinical medicine.With the increasing incidence and mortality of cancer year by year,research on new treatment methods has always been a research focus in the field of basic medicine.One of the most important difficulties in cancer treatment is the immune escape of cancer cells,so immunotherapy has become a new treatment method developed in recent years and has achieved good results.At first,immunomodulatory agents were used to enhance the body's immune function.Since then,the concept of tumor vaccine has been developed.DC vaccine loads antigen through antigen presenting cells,activates tumor specific immune cells and induces immune response.In recent years,CAR-T therapy and other adoptive immunotherapy have been developed.Immune T cells are isolated from patients and then make immune response and amplification in vitro using genetic engineering,and finally returned to patients.There is also the latest PD-1 immunotherapy,which can stop the recognition process of PD-1 and PD-L1 using blocking agents and reactivate the function of T cells,thus killing target cells.This article will introduce the positive activation of immunity,adoptive immunotherapy and immune binding site blocking therapy and their applications,and put forward the author’s own views and discussions based on the current research results.
作者
薛润韬
Xue Runtao(Zijingang Campus of Hangzhou Xuejun Middle School,Zhejiang,310000)
出处
《当代化工研究》
2019年第1期177-179,共3页
Modern Chemical Research
