摘要
采用问卷与实地调查相结合的方法,对河南省花生田地膜使用、回收与残膜污染现状进行了分析。调查结果表明,河南省花生地膜厚度多为0. 004～0. 006 mm,地膜使用量一般为45 kg·hm^(-2);农户多采用人工捡拾的方式回收花生田残膜。花生田地膜残留量为15. 0～40. 0 kg·hm^(-2),低于国家标准GB/T 25413-2010规定的农田残膜污染的一级标准75 kg·hm^(-2);覆膜年限越长,地膜残留量越大,覆膜5年、10年和15年的残留量分别达到15. 0 kg·hm^(-2)、26. 9 kg·hm^(-2)和40. 0 kg·hm^(-2)。花生田残膜主要集中在0～10 cm浅层土壤中,残膜主要以中块膜(4～25 cm^2)和大块膜(> 25 cm^2)为主。依据75 kg·hm^(-2)的残膜污染标准,年均覆膜量、年均残留率分别按45 kg·hm^(-2)、5. 92%～6. 65%计算,河南省覆膜花生安全使用地膜的年限约为25～29年。
Using methods of questionnaire and field survey,we analyzed mulching film utilization,collecting and residue pollution in peanut field of Henan Province.The results showed that mulching film in peanut field was mostly with 0.004-0.006 mm of thickness with 45 kg·hm^-2.Most peanut farmers collected residual film by hand-picking.The average residual film amount was within 15.0-40.0 kg·hm^-2 in 0-30 cm depth of peanut field,which was lower than the national standard of 75 kg·hm^-2(GB/T 25413-2010)at the first pollution level.The amount of residual film increased with the mulching years.The total amount of residual film in peanut field was 15.0,26.9 and 40.0 kg·hm^-2 for 5 years,10 years and 15 years,respectively.Film residuals were mainly distributed in the 0-10 cm depth of soil,and majority of them was in the sizes of 4-25 cm^2 or >25 cm^2.Based on the national standard of 75 kg·hm^-2 at the first pollution level,and mulching plastic film amount of 45 kg·hm^-2 and residual ratio of 5.92%-6.65%annualy,we estimated that the safety years of film application in peanut field of Henan province was 25-29 years.
作者
郝西
张俊
臧秀旺
易明林
王蒙
董文召
张新友
汤丰收
HAO Xi;ZHANG Jun;ZANG Xiuwang;YI Minglin;WANG Meng;DONG Wenzhao;ZHANG Xinyou;TANG Fengshou(Industrial Crops Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huanghuaihai Plain of Ministry of Agriculture/Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)
出处
《土壤与作物》
2019年第1期43-49,共7页
Soils and Crops
基金
中国工程院咨询研究项目(2017-XZ-18)
国家花生产业技术体系项目(CARS-14)
河南省现代农业产业技术体系项目(S2012-5)
关键词
地膜
河南省
花生田
污染
mulching film
Henan Province
peanut field
pollution
