摘要
当前的语言分类系统主要有谱系分类和类型分类。这两种分类的依据都是语言的结构特征。本文提出根据语言功能参数对语言进行分类的新设想。由于历史和现实众多因素的作用,每种语言发挥的功能并不相同,因此可以根据功能的强弱将语言分为不同类别,呈现特定的世界语言格局。语言的功能主要可分为工具功能和文化功能两大范畴,根据这两大功能的若干外显特征,形成具有可操作性的功能分类参项体系。通过功能分类,可以加深对语言功能及其特征的认识,促进世界范围内各种语言的相关数据的收集、分析及利用,同时在语言生活的实践上,可以为语言教育、语言保护和中华语言的国际传播提供学术参考。
The current system of language classification attaches great importance to the genealogy and typology of languages as it is established on the structural features of languages.This paper proposes that languages be classified according to linguistic functional parameters.We claim that as each language has its own history and own role to play in communication they can be classified according to the strength of functions they have.Language functions can be divided into two categories instrumental function and cultural function.On the basis of the explicit features of these two functions a functional classification system can be formed.The instrumental function is mainly tied to the communicative performance of the language.It can be evaluated by the population of the native speakers the population of the second language users its status as the official language its writing system the number of its netizens and the amount of its Internet texts.The cultural function is mainly associated with the cultural influence of the language.It can be evaluated by the status of its written language the amount of its publications and translations and the number of its celebrities and prominent figures in its culture.Through these investigations and evaluations we can divide the current world languages into six matrices.The functional classification of languages can not only deepen our understanding of the functions and characteristics of world languages but also help us improve our work on the documentation protection analysis and utilization of the data of languages all over the world.
作者
李宇明
王春辉
LI Yuming;WANG Chunhui(Advanced Innovation Center for Language Resources,Beijing Language and Culture University,Beijing 100083)
出处
《当代语言学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第1期1-22,共22页
Contemporary Linguistics
关键词
语言功能分类
工具功能
文化功能
评价参项
language function classification
instrumental function
cultural function
parameters
