摘要
自1988年世界卫生大会发起"全球消灭脊髓灰质炎行动"倡议以来,全球脊髓灰质炎发病率已减少了99%以上。如今,全球已进入了后脊灰时代。2013年世界卫生组织制定了《消灭脊髓灰质炎最后阶段战略计划(2013-2018)》,以彻底消灭脊髓灰质炎。由于接种脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗(OPV)的人群中有可能会出现罕见的疫苗相关麻痹型脊髓灰质炎(VAPP)病例和疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒(VDPV)相关病例。因此,彻底消灭脊髓灰质炎的重要途径是研制出有效的疫苗。脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(IPV)能避免OPV使用过程中出现的VAPP和VDPV循环(cVDPVs)事件的发生,适用人群较广泛。然而,不同国家的脊髓灰质炎疫苗种类和使用程序不尽相同,本文对脊髓灰质炎流行现状及疫苗免疫策略进展情况进行简述,以期为终结脊髓灰质炎提供理论参考。
Since the Global Polio Eradication Initiative(GPEI)was launched with a resolution of the World Health Assembly(WHA)in1988,the global incidence of poliomyelitis had fallen by over99%,leading to the post-polio era.In2013,the World Health Organization(WHO)developed The Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan(2013-2018)to wipe out poliomyelitis.The use of oral poliomyelitis attenuated live vaccine(OPV)has been reported to induce rare cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis(VAPP)and vaccine derived poliovirus(VDPV)-related cases.Therefore,an important approach to eradicating polio is to develop even more effective vaccines.Inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine(IPV),which can avoid VAPP and circulating VDPVs(cVDPVs)-related events associated with the use of OPV,is indicated for most populations.However,the type and immunization schedule of polio vaccines vary across different countries.This article will summarize the current prevalence of poliomyelitis and updates on immunization strategies,which may provide a theoretical basis for polio eradication.
作者
王青
姚宁
Wang Qing;Yao Ning(Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China)
出处
《保健医学研究与实践》
2018年第6期7-9,共3页
Health Medicine Research and Practice
基金
重庆市卫生计生委医学科研重点项目(2016ZDXM034)
关键词
脊髓灰质炎
脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗
脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗
Poliomyelitis
Oral poliomyelitis attenuated live vaccine
Inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine
