摘要
关于西周井氏家族,过去有学者认为是商代井方之后,姜姓,居于关中西部凤翔一带。实际上,井氏当为邢侯子裔,姬姓,采邑在扶风周原一带。畿内井氏从畿外邢侯公室中分化而出,是西周中期执掌王室大政的一个显赫世族。其分支井伯氏、井叔氏有几代人先后担任王朝卿士,成为周天子的肱股之臣。从井氏采邑看西周世卿制度,并非如通常所说世族政治完全与建官用贤绝缘。世卿制度以采邑制为基础,固然使王室任官范围受到严重局限,致使只有少数姬姓贵族子弟可以入为王朝卿士,但就姬姓贵族内部来说,世卿世禄并不是绝对的。世卿制度本身亦有尊贤的机制,是一个"亲亲"与"尊贤"相辅为用的矛盾统一体,在一定程度上有助于保持王室官员的精英化和朝廷的政治活力。
Rejecting some scholars’opinion about the origin of the Xing(井)clan of the Western Zhou,this study argues that the Xing clan is actually the offspring of Marquis Xing,which means that it is a branch originally from the Zhou royal clan.The Fief of the Xing is located in the area near Fufeng(扶风)of the present Shanxi province.As a glorious noble clan during the mid-Western Zhou dynasty,several members from this clan held important positions in the court.By examination of the history of the Xing clan,it can be seen that the hereditary system is commonly operated together with the system of bureaucracy.The male adult members of the noble clan are not all guaranteed to get official positions.Other than that,only the recognized virtuous persons might be appointed to take those positions.This practice helped the Western Zhou to keep an elite serving in the political sphere.
作者
杜勇
Du Yong(School of History and Culture,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin,300387,China)
出处
《古代文明》
CSSCI
2018年第4期43-55,124,共14页
The Journal of Ancient Civilizations
基金
国家社科基金重大项目"多卷本<西周史>"(项目批号:17ZDA179)阶段性成果之一
关键词
井氏
采邑
世卿制度
尊贤功能
Xing clan
Fief
Hereditary system
Function of respecting virtuous persons
