摘要
在力量速度体能类竞技体育项目中,力量素质的训练水平决定了运动员在比赛中成绩的获得,力量素质特别是专项力量素质的训练水平已经成为制约我国高水平运动员竞技能力提高的瓶颈因素之一。高水平运动员力量训练要符合项目比赛的特点,肌肉收缩表现出向心、离心和等长收缩等不同形式,主要体现为全面性、多元性、相持状态下体现爆发力以及无氧代谢功能状态下发挥最大力量等特点;最大力量训练普遍采用高强度短期刺激法,避免运动员肌纤维横断面明显增粗,对提高运动员肌肉内的协调性和肌肉间的协调性有很好的效果,从而可以在肌肉体积没有明显增大的情况下提高肌肉力量,有效控制体重的增长;快速力量的训练一般采用本人最大负重40%~60%负荷进行力量训练,既能发展力量,又能兼顾速度训练,肌肉收缩的输出功率达到最大。
In the competitive sports depending on strength,speed and physical fitness,an athlete’s training level of strength quality determines his achievement in competition.The strength quality,especially its training level has become one of the bottleneck factors restricting the improvement of Chinese excellent athletes,competitive ability.The strength training of high-level athletes should be in line with the competition^characteristics.Muscle contraction shows different forms such as centripetal,eccentric and isometric contraction,which are mainly manifested in the aspects of comprehensiveness,diversity,playing the explosive power under the stalemate state and playing the maximum strength under the anaerobic metabolism.In the maximum strength training,the method of high-intensity and short-term stimulation is commonly used,which method may avoid the significant thickening of muscle fiber cross-section and have a good effect on improving the muscular and inter-muscular coordination,so that the growth of body weight can be effectively controlled and the muscle strength can be improved without obviously increase of muscle volume.In the rapid strength training,the 40%?60%of individual maximum load is generally used,which may improve both the strength and speed training with the maximum power output of muscle contraction.
作者
王刚
WANG Gang(Heilongjiang Heavy Athletics Management Center,Harbin 150001,China)
出处
《冰雪运动》
2017年第6期50-52,共3页
China Winter Sports
关键词
运动员
力量素质
训练方法
训练手段
athlete
strength quality
training method
training means
