摘要
利用1951—2013年甘肃省中东部4个测站气候资料,采用均值法和线性趋势估计法分析了研究区气温和降水时空变化特征;通过对4个测站1981—2010年日降水量≥1.0 mm的日数统计,得出不同测站降水季节分配规律,结合种植玉米适宜区气候条件(主要指降水量)及玉米生长发育不同阶段对水分条件的需求,综合分析了研究区不同地方种植玉米的适宜性程度.结果表明:(1)甘肃省中东部20世纪50—80年代年平均气温变幅不大,90年代至今均有普遍升温.(2)研究区年平均降水量从天水市到武威市依次降低,在20世纪50—70年代呈现出先增后减的变化趋势,80年代至今各地区变化迥异,但西北地区总体上以干旱为主.(3)研究区从东南至西北方向受华西秋雨影响程度逐渐减弱,年降水量季节分配地区差异显著.(4)玉米生长发育各阶段所需水分条件与当地雨季基本一致,受区域气候条件限制,从天水市至武威市沿线种植玉米适宜性依次降低,局地周期性气候干湿变化以及西北地区整体干旱化程度加深都会制约当地农业生产发展.(5)部分地区居民充分利用现代农业科学技术和改变局地水分条件,因地制宜发展地方玉米种植.
This research analyzed the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of temperature and precipitation by adopting the mean value method and the linear trend estimation method and using climatic data of 4 meteorological stations of middle east in Gansu province from 1951 to 2013 in the study area. The seasonal distribution law of precipitation at different meteorological stations was obtained by statistical data on the number of precipitation days over 1.0 mm of day about the four meteorological stations from 1981 to 2010 in the study area.Suitability of planting corn in different places were comprehensively analyzed combining with the climatic conditions of suitable area for planting corn and demanding for moisture conditions in different stages of corn growth and development. Results showed:Firstly,the change range of annual mean temperature of middle east in Gansu province was not large in the 1950 s and 1980 s. However,the temperature generally increased since 1990 s in the study area. Secondly,the annual average precipitation decreased in turn from Tianshui to Wuwei in the study area andshowed a change trend of increased firstly and then decreased from 1950 s to 1970 s. However,it had a differentchange since 1980 s till now. In general,the drought was the main climate in northwest region. Thirdly,the degreeof influence was gradually weakened by autumn rain in western China from southeast to northwest and seasonal distribution of annual precipitation from different regions had a significant difference in the study area. Fourthly,therequired moisture conditions in various stages of corn growth and development were consistent with the local rainyseason. Suitability of planting corn decreased in turn from Tianshui to Wuwei because of the restrict of regional climatic conditions. Local periodic climate changed from dry and wet and the overall degree of gradually deepened drought in the northwest of China restricted the development of local agricultural production. Fifthly,the residents in some areas made the full use of modern agricultural science and technology and change local water conditions to realize the purpose of development of local planting corn according to the local conditions.
作者
许小明
徐玉霞
XU Xiaoming;XU Yuxia(Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulating of Shaanxi Province, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences,Baoji 721013,Shaanxi China)
出处
《河南科学》
2017年第2期239-246,共8页
Henan Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(41071359)
陕西省重点实验室项目(16JS005)
陕西省社会科学基金(2015D057)
陕西省重点学科自然地理学资助
关键词
气温降水
变化特征
种植玉米
适宜性
甘肃省中东部部分地区
temperature and precipitation
change characteristics
planting corn
suitability
the part area of Middle East in Gansu province
