摘要
在田间自然条件下 ,研究了施氮肥量对新疆高产棉花群体光合性能及产量形成的调节效应。结果表明 ,在 0～30 0 kg.hm- 1施氮量范围内 ,随追氮肥量的增加 ,群体光合速率增强 ;过量追施氮肥虽然在盛花结铃期有扩大叶面积、增加冠层对光能的截获率和增强群体光合速率的趋势 ,但同时易引起棉株旺长 ,导致生育后期叶面积指数和群体光合速率的迅速下降 ;30 0 kg.hm- 1中等追施氮量下 ,群体光合速率稳定在相对较高水平。群体叶源量随追氮肥量增加而增加 ,过量追施氮肥处理群体叶源量最高 ,但其群体叶源量在生育后期所占比例较小 ;而中等追施氮量不仅有较高的群体叶源量 ,而且群体叶源量在生育后期所占比例高 ,保证了棉铃发育所需大量光合产物 ,棉花产量高。因此 ,提高生育后期的群体光合速率 ,延长其高值持续时间 。
The effects of nitrogen application amount on canopy apparent photosynthesis and yield formation were studied in high yielding cotton of Xinjiang, the results were as follows: In range of 0～300 kg N·hm -2 nitrogen applications, canopy apparent photosynthesis rate increased with the increase of nitrogen supplement. Excessive nitrogen application improved LAI, leaf photosynthesis function, canopy light interception and canopy apparent photosynthesis rate in full-flowering and full-boll stage, but it was apt to result in cotton vain growing, subsequently lead to rapid decline in LAI and canopy apparent photosynthesis rate. In middle nitrogen application treatment (300 kg N·hm -2), canopy apparent photosynthesis rate stabilized on a high level. Canopy leaf sources increased with the increase of nitrogen, but in high nitrogen circumstances, its distribution was little in latter growing period. In middle nitrogen application treatment, Canopy leaf source and its distribution were greater, and this ensured the supplement of photosynthesis product during boll development. It indicates that improving canopy apparent photosynthesis rate in latter growing period and prolonging its duration are important to improve cotton yield.
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2002年第6期789-796,共8页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 3996 0 0 37)
关键词
氮肥
光合性能
产量形成
棉花
新疆
高产群体
施用量
Cotton
Nitrogen application amount
Photosynthesis
Yield formation
Xinjiang
