摘要
用分子图形软件设计出 4 9种硫原子团簇Sn+ (n =3～ 13)的结构 ,使用B3LYP密度泛函进行几何构型优化和振动频率计算 ,根据分子的总能量得出最稳定的同分异构体 .在硫原子团簇正离子中 ,大部分原子为二配位成键 .带有一、三配位的原子结构的总能量较高 .部分最稳定硫原子团簇正离子的构型与最稳定的中性硫原子团簇的构型完全不同 .
The cations of sulfur clusters exhibit intensities of significance on the mass spectra of sulfur clusters generated in direct laser vaporization. To our knowledge, theoretical investigations on cationic sulfur clusters are rare. Forty-nine isomers of sulfur clusters were acquired by means of the molecular model design, molecular mechanics and semi-empirical PM3 and the recently proposed and widely used B3LYP hybrid, non-local, DFT method with basis set 6-31G *. To look for stable configurations, full geometry optimizations at the 6-31G * level for all sulfur atoms were performed using Gaussian 98 program packages. The initial models were constructed by means of breaking bond( s), making bond( s), adding atom( s), deleting atom( s), rotating fragment( s), translating fragment s) and merging fragment( s). The one-fold, two-fold and three-fold modes for modeling were considered, according to the bonding characteristics of the sulfur atom. Finally a total of eleven structures for S-3(+) , S-4(+) and S-5(+) : ten isomers of S-6(+) and S-7(+) ; fifteen isomers of S-8(+) and S-9(+) and thirteen isomers of S-10(+), S-11(+), S-12(+) and S-13(+) are acquired, respectively. A large number of structural possibilities of non-minimum structures were not covered. According to total energies, the most stable S-n(+) ( n = 3 similar to 13) isomers are predicted. The geometry, relative stability and structural rules of these cationic sulfur clusters were described. Some structures of neutral sulfur clusters with true minima transform upon ionization into non-minimum cationic structures and vice versa. The results of a large amount of calculations show that the two-fold coordination is generally favored in sulfur cationic clusters, though some sulfur atoms coordinated with the others in one-fold or three-fold mode are higher in total energy. The most stable isomer of some cationic clusters shows a structure completely different from that of the corresponding neutral cluster. In chain structures, the atoms at the two ends adopt the one-fold mode and the others are in two-fold mode. Theoretical studies on sulfur cationic structures with a three-fold atom are rare. It is unlikely to have a sulfur cationic cluster in cage structure, for the bondings of a three-fold atom are not strong enough. The calculation results can serve as guiding factors for future theoretical studies on large sulfur clusters.
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目 (2 95 73117)
优秀国家重点实验室研究基金 (2 0 0 2 30 0 1) .~~
