摘要
本文从四个方面探讨宪政的价值基础:宗教、幽暗意识、自然法和契约论。宪政自始至终是一种“设防”的学说,宪政论根植于西方基督教的信仲体系及其表述世俗秩序意识的政治思想中。幽暗意识认为人不是“天使”,人类具有与生俱来的罪恶性和堕落性,因此,权力必须受到制约。作为人类理性的体现的“自然法”,并非实证意义上的法律,它指全人类所共同维护的一整套权利或正义,它高于一切“实在法”,是人们评价“实在法”的价值准则和参照系。契约论认为自主、平等与和谐的生活是合乎人性的自然的生活,人类建立社会制度和政治制度的目的,正是在于保障人类的这种和谐的生活关系。
The value basis of constitutional government is discussed in this article in the following four perspectives: religion , gloomy-consciousness, the natural law and the theory of contract. Constitutional government has always been a kind of' defensive' doctrine and the theory of constitutional government is rooted in the religious beliefs of Christianity of the West and its political thought expressed in terms of secular orders. In gloomy consciousness, Man is no angel . Human beings are inherently sinful and degradable. Hence, power must be restricted. ' Natural law', as an expression of human ration, is no law in the sense of positivism. It alludes to the whole set of rights and justice maintained by mankind, superor to all 'real laws' ,and is the atandard and reference frame with which people appraise 'real laws' .The theory of contract holds that act on one's own,equality and a harmonious life is a natural life befitting human nature. The aim for mankind to build up social and political systems is just to safeguard such harmonious relations of human life.
出处
《中国社会科学院研究生院学报》
CSSCI
2002年第5期17-26,共10页
Journal of Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
