摘要
综述了近年来主要养殖对虾对几种营养物质需要量的最新资料。对虾对饲料中蛋白质的适宜需要量为 3 0 0～ 5 70 g/kg ,白对虾Penaeussetiferus、凡纳对虾P vannamei和红额角对虾 (蓝对虾 )P stylirostris (2 80～ 3 5 0 g/kg)对饲料中蛋白质的需要量低于斑节对虾P monodon (3 6 0～ 5 0 0 g/kg) ,更低于日本对虾P japonicus (45 0～ 5 70 g/kg)。对虾对糖的利用率较低 ,除纤维素和几丁质外 ,利用率随糖链组成复杂度的增加而增高。粘肽 (PG ,peptidoglycan)和β - 1 ,3葡聚糖 (glucan) (2 0 g/kg)等多糖具较强的免疫作用。商品对虾饲料中脂类的推荐量为 6 0～ 75 g/kg ,最大不超过 1 0 0 g/kg ,n - 3系列高度不饱和脂肪酸的需要量为 5～ 1 0 g/kg。作者还介绍了对虾对维生素和矿物质的需要量及免疫增强剂 (immunopotentiator)的研究现状。
New information on dietary nutrient requirements of various species of penaeid shrimp was reviewed briefly. Optimal dietary protein requirement of shrimp ranges from 300 g/kg to 570 g/kg, of which those of Penaeus setiferus, P. vannamei and P. stylirostris(280-350 g/kg)are lower than those of P. monodon(360-500 g/kg)and P. japonicus(450-570 g/kg). Carbohydrates are poorly utilized by shrimp and utilization rate of sugars increases with increase in structural complexity of the sugar they feed. Polysaccharides such as peptidoglycan and β-1,3 glucan(2.0 g/kg)can increase immunity when they are added into shrimp dietary. It recommended that optimal dietary lipid be 60-75 g/kg, not more than 100 g/kg, and that dietary highly unsaturated fatty acid requirement vary between 5 g/kg and 10 g/kg. Dietary vitamin and mineral requirements are summarized and a role of immunopotentiator in shrimp nutrition is discussed.
出处
《大连水产学院学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2002年第3期196-208,共13页
Journal of Dalian Fisheries University
基金
辽宁省科委攻关项目 ( 2 0 0 1 2 0 30 0 1 )
关键词
营养物质
需要量
对虾
蛋白质
糖
脂肪
shrimp
nutrition
nutrient
feed
protein
carbohydrate
fat
