摘要
较高的作物产量通常需要较高的养分使用率,因此就便无机氮的使用增加。到2030年,估计粮食的年需求量约为28亿t,相应的无机氮消耗量为9600万t(在1995～1997年间,无机氮的年消耗量为7800万t)。从全球范围来讲,由于使用无机肥料而流失到周围环境中去的无机氮目前为每年3600万t,价值117亿美元;它们对环境保护起反作用。但是,新型的提高肥料使用效率(FUE)技术可以增加产量但不使无机氮的使用成比例增加。并且,含氮养分的供应可以通过改进农业生产系统和开发如生物固氮(BNF)等可替代资源而扩大。到2030年,随着出台适当的政策、实施技术转让、对研究和投资提供支持以及在农田采用化肥使用效率(FUE)和生物固氮(BNF)技术等,可以使无机氮每年节省1000万t,价值33亿美元。
Higher crop production normally demands higher nutrient application rates and consequently increased mineral nitrogen use. With food demand for 2030 estimated around 2800 mill. tonnes (t) yr^-1, the corresponding mineral N consumption figure is 96 mill. t (78 mill. t yr^-1 in 1995/1997). Global-level mineral N losses to the environment from mineral fertilizer use are currently 36 mill, t yr1, worth USD 11 700 mill. and with adverse environmental impacts. However, innovative fertilizer-use efficiency (FUE) technologies enable increased production with a less than a proportionate increase in mineral-N use. Moreover, nitrogen-nutrient supplies can be augmented through improvements in agricultural production systems and in the exploitation of alternative sources such as biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). By 2030, with adequate policy, technology transfer, research and investment support, the on-farm adoption of BNF and FUE technologies could generate savings of 10 mill, t yr^-1 of mineral N, worth USD 3300 mill.
