摘要
据全国各县近10年的化肥施用量和粮食产量数据,并从不同年份单位播种面积粮食产量和肥料施用量的变化,求出相应不施肥产量和通过施肥可能达到的最高产量,并以上述结果为基础计算出该地区化肥利用率。研究结果表明:当前我国化肥施用的地区差异明显,施用量较集中范围是180～270kg/hm2和90～180kg/hm2,部分地区的化肥施用已经过量;单位化肥的粮食产出率主要集中在10～30kg/kg,化肥利用率大多集中在15％～35％,且与化肥施用量有关。按地区统计,高施肥量区化肥施用明显过量,平均达339kg/hm2,是全国平均用量（262kg/hm2）的1.29倍;中施肥量区单位面积化肥平均施用量为252kg/hm2,略低于全国平均水平;低施肥量区则仅为178kg/hm2,是全国平均的67.8％;我国单位化肥的生产效率及化肥利用率均以低施肥量区最高,分别为17.5kg/kg和39.8％;中施肥量区为13.7和36。
According to the grain yield response to fertilizers, China's fertilizer application rate can be classified into 3 typical regions: (1) the maximum fertilizer input region including 11 Eastern provinces (ER region); (2) the middle fertilizer input region covering mainly 10 Middle provinces (including Xinjiang and Gansu) (MR region); and (3) the low fertilizer input region consisting of 9 Western provinces (WR region). The average fertilizer application rate per ha cultivated land (sowing area) in 674 counties of ER region was 329 kg/ha, the average rate in the 973 counties of MR region was 231 kg/ha and that in the 709 counties of WR region was 231 kg/ha (Fig.1). The maximum application rate in some counties of China was found to be as high as 2,241 kg/ha which was nearly 10 folds of the average of whole China, i.e., 238 kg/ha. According to the response of grain yield to fertilizers, there were 11.9% excessive-fertilized counties which should reduce their fertilizer application rate and 14.6% counties which were not necessary to increase fertilizer application rate in China.
出处
《地理学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2002年第5期531-538,共8页
Acta Geographica Sinica
基金
国家"九五"攻关项目(96-013-01-04)
关键词
中国
化肥
利用率
GIS
区域差异
地理信息系统
农业
可持续发展
chemical fertilizer
fertilizer utilization efficiency (FUE)
consumption
grain production
regional difference
China
