摘要
本研究的主要目的是明确大豆杂种优势的大小 ,探讨大豆杂种优势的遗传规律 ,筛选出一批高优势组合。试验共选用国内与国外引入的优良大豆品种(品系 ) 71 5份做亲本 ,其中国内品种 (品系 ) 62 4个 ,国外引入品种 (品系 ) 91个 ,从 1 996至 2 0 0 0年分别在七个地点配制杂交组合 1 3 2 6个 ,并进行F1代子粒产量测定。试验采用间比法按熟期组及组合顺序排列 ,二次重复 ,以当地相近熟期组的主推品种为对照品种。从中筛选出 1 76个优势较高的组合 ,进行第二次产量测定 ,方法与第一次测产相同 ,试验在二个地点同时进行。研究结果表明 ,高亲优势率平均为 6.8% ,对照优势率平均为 1 1 .9% ,高亲优势率超过 3 0 %以上的组合占 1 9.8% ,对照优势率超过 3 0 %以上的组合占2 5 .3 % ,高亲与对照优势率同时超过 2 0 %以上的组合占 1 8.3 %。对不同类型组合杂种优势的分析显示 ,”本地品种×本地品种“组合的杂种优势低于”本地 (引入 )品种×引入品种”的组合 ,而“本地(引入 )品种×引入品种”组合的杂种优势又低于“中国品种×国外品种”的组合 ,这种趋势是较为明显的。二次测产组合结果显示 ,高亲优势率平均为 2 2 .5 % ,对照优势率平均为 2 1 .1 % ,高亲与对照优势率同时超过 2 0 %以上的组合占 2 2 .1 %。
The objectives of this research were to (ⅰ)determine F 1 seed yield heterosis in soybean,(ⅱ)explore genetic performance of soybean heterosis and(ⅲ)screen some highly heterotic combinations. 715 elite soybean varieties or lines were used as parents to make 1326 crosses from 1996 to 2000 at seven locations, in which 624 varieties or lines come from China and 91 from foreign countries. To evaluate heterosis of these crosses, their F 1 seed yields were tested with two replications at seven locations respectively. The most popular cultivars released in local area were used as check varieties. 176 combinations were selected according to their heterosis and used as the second yield test. The experiment of each location was conducted at two sites simultaneously. The results showed that the average high parent heterosis(HPH), mid-parent heterosis(MPH) and check variety heterosis(CKH) was 6.8,21.0,and 11.9% respectively, the percentage of crosses with HPH & CKH over 20% was 18.3% in the first yield test, while the average HPH & CKH was 22.5 and 21.1% respectively, the percentage of crosses with HPH & CKH over 20% was 22.1% in the second yield test. The analyses for different patterns of crosses indicated that combinations made of distant parents might have higher heterosis. Through two times yield tests, 39 highly heterotic combinations were screened, which average HPH & CKH was 39.6 and 33.2% respectively.
出处
《大豆科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2002年第3期161-167,共7页
Soybean Science
基金
国家计委"九五"科技攻关重点项目 ( 96 - 12 0 - 14 )的一部分
