摘要
研究旨在针对黑土区耕地生态安全状况,以典型黑土区长春市为例,基于"压力-状态-响应"模型构建黑土区特有的耕地生态安全评价指标体系。采用层次分析法和熵值法相结合的综合确权法及阻力度模型对长春市2005—2014年的耕地生态安全状况以及阻力因素进行分析。研究结果表明:(1)2005—2014年长春市耕地生态安全等级经历了"安全—临界安全—较安全—临界安全"的变化过程,呈波动下降的状态;(2)长春市耕地生态安全响应指数呈上升状态,压力指数和状态指数呈下降状态;(3)从单项阻力指标变化趋势上看,草地覆盖率、自然灾害受灾指数、农业财政支出比重、单位耕地面积化肥负荷等指标阻力度上升幅度较大;(4)长春市下辖县市耕地生态安全的空间分布方面,2005年长春市地区均处于安全和较安全状态;2008年安全区分布范围向长春市西部缩小,敏感区向长春市东部扩展;2011年除双阳区之外,长春市其他地区均处于安全状态。因此在耕地利用过程中应注重水土保持和化肥农药的科学利用,保护黑土区的耕地生态安全。
Aiming at the ecological security of cultivated land in black soil area, this paper selected typical black soil area in Changchun as the research object, constructed the cultivated land ecological security index system in black soil region based on the＂pressure-state-respond＂model, to analyze the ecologicalsecurity situation and obstacle factors by AHP, entropy method and the resistance model. The resultsshowed that：（1）from 2005 to 2014, Changchun＇s cultivated land ecological security level showed a＂safety—sensitive-safety—sensitive—sensitive-safety＂change, presenting a fluctuated decreasing trend;（2） theresponse index of cultivated land ecological security in Changchun increased, and the pressure index and thestate index decreased;（3） the trends of individual obstacle factors showed that the resistances of grasslandcoverage, natural disaster index, agricultural fiscal expenditure, chemical fertilizer load of unit cultivated landarea increased significantly;（4） this study analyzed the spatial distribution of cultivated land ecologicalsecurity in Changchun, in 2005, Changchun was in a safe state, in 2008, the distribution area of the safe area narrowed to the west of Changchun, and the sensitive area expanded to the eastern part of Changchun. ExceptShuangyang in 2011, Changchun was in a safe state. Therefore, we should pay attention to soil and water conservation and scientific utilization of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the process of cultivated landuse, and protect the ecological security of cultivated land of black soil area.
作者
徐梦瑶
张正峰
Xu Mengyao;Zhang Zhengfeng(School of Public Administration and Policy,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2018年第24期101-109,共9页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
中国人民大学公共管理学院研究生科学研究基金项目"吉林省耕地生态安全评价和时空格局分析"(2018054)
关键词
耕地生态安全
PSR模型
黑土区
阻力研究
ecological security of cultivated land
PSR model
black soil region
obstacle factors
