摘要
仅仅三十年前,人们可能依旧将前殖民时代的东南亚看作一个与更大的世界贸易圈隔绝的自给村落,没有理会其经济史:1870年以后……以前妨碍欧洲人开发内地的各种障碍都被迅速铲除。于是,几个世纪以来在经济生活中抵挡欧洲人的冲击,以自给农业、家庭手工业和实物交换为主要特征的传统制度令人吃惊地突然消失了。新景象取而代之:谷物由预付款提供资金,为世界市场种植。
In general,Southeast Asian data remains under represented in the new writing attempting to make sense of the global economy in the longer term.It begins to be possible to discern some of the broader rhymes of Southeast Asian economic life,which often show surprising similarities with those in other parts of the world.The most helpful for estimating cycles of the commercial economy are the series assembled for four key exports:cloves,pepper,coffee,and sugar over four centuries.These show that the revenue to Southeast Asians from the four longdistance export items went through a sustained period of growth between 1530 and1630,and a major slump in 1650-1670 followed by a long stagnation until the1780 s.From the 1780 s onward for almost a century there was a second and even stronger sustained period of growth during which these four exports grew by an average of over 4.5 percent per year.The paper focuses more on the commodities of greater importance to mainland Southeast Asia,such as Chinese migrants,mining,agricultural exports and shipping,reveals that the end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth marked a major increase in the tempo of commerce throughout Southeast Asia,largely influenced(especially in the mainland)by the economic growth of China.The Water Frontier of southern Indochina was a major element in this moment of dynamic Southeast Asian growth and provided the resources for the establishment under the Nguyen of the first unified government over this whole long coastline.In this as in many other respects,a broader regional perspective can assist us in understanding the economic dynamics of this frontier.
出处
《海洋史研究》
CSSCI
2017年第1期61-75,共15页
Studies of Maritime History
关键词
经济生活
世界贸易
东南亚
华人
后期
世界市场
欧洲人
手工业
Chinese Trade
Southeast Asian
Economic Expansion
Later Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries
Water Frontier
