摘要
精准农业是信息技术与农业生产相结合的一种精细农业。新疆兵团农业生产采用规模化生产,具备良好的机械化和信息化条件,在选种、播种、施肥、灌溉、田间检测、收获环节持续推广精准农业技术。在精准农业中卫星导航技术主要应用于智能化农业机械控制、精准病虫防治和灌溉、农田资源的普查和规划。北斗卫星导航技术已在新疆兵团精准农业中得到应用,依托北斗卫星导航与位置服务平台、地基增强系统,为基层农机管理部门、采棉机公司和农机合作组织提供作业农机实时信息服务,具有定位精度高、作业标准高、适应能力强的特点。拖拉机自动驾驶技术在新疆兵团广泛应用于播种、喷施除草剂、苗期化控和植保、喷施脱叶催熟剂、受灾棉田重新播种、中耕施肥作业、残膜回收、分层施肥、棉花测产、采棉机实时监控等农业过程,生产实践证明具有良好的经济、社会和生态效益。对比试验的结果表明,在棉花生育期的主要阶段,采用精准对行分层施肥技术棉田的主要指标具有一定优势。新疆兵团在精准农业的方面应注意两点:一是用信息化技术提升精准农业装备的设计和制造水平;二是用信息化技术提高农业机械化的管理水平。提出建议如下:加强政策引导,加快人才培养步伐,加大科研力度,建立完善的用户服务体系,拓宽应用领域,强化新疆兵团的辐射带动作用。
Precision agriculture is a new type of agriculture that combines information technology with agricultural production. The adoption of Large-scale agricultural production in The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps （XPCC） can provide good conditions for mechanization and information,and precision agriculture technology was consistently promoted in key links of agriculture,such as seed selection,sowing,fertilization,irrigation,field testing and harvesting. In precision agriculture,satellite navigation technology is mainly applied to controlling of intelligent agricultural machinery,precision pest control and irrigation,survey and planning of farmland resources. Beidou satellite navigation technology has been applied in precision agriculture of XPCC,relying on Beidou satellite navigation and location service platform and foundation reinforcement system,provided real time information services for farm machinery management departments,cotton picker companies and agricultural machinery cooperative organizations. It has the characteristics of high positioning accuracy,high operation standard and strong adaptability. Tractor automatic driving technology is widely used in XPCC,in the key links of agricultural production,such as sowing,spraying herbicide,chemical controlling in seeding stage and plant protection,spraying defoliated ripener,replanting the affected cotton field,intertillage fertilizing,recovering the residual film,row-controlled layered fertilization,cotton yield measuring,and monitoring the cotton picker in real timeProduction practice proves that it has good economic,social and ecological benefits. The results of comparison test show that,the main index of cotton field with precise layer fertilization technology has certain advantages at main stage of the cotton growth period. The XPCC should pay attention to two aspects in precision agriculture. The first is to improve the design and manufacturing level of precision agricultural equipment,the either is to improve the management level of agricultural mechanization. Suggestions are made as follows：strengthening policy guidance,accelerating the pace of personnel training,strengthening scientific research,establishing a perfect user service system,widening the field of application,strengthening the radiation driving effect of the XPCC.
作者
赵岩
陈学庚
温浩军
Zhao Yan;Chen Xuegeng;Wen Haojun(Mechanical College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment,MOA,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003,China)
出处
《石河子大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
北大核心
2018年第4期397-404,共8页
Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science)
基金
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503105)
关键词
北斗
精准农业
卫星导航
拖拉机自动驾驶
应用
Beidou；precision agriculture；satellite navigation；tractor autonomous driving；application
