摘要
本试验在野果林原生境设置自动气象站,测定主要气象指标,分析温度、降雨和光照等主要气象特征;同时选择野果林原生境阳坡、阴坡和平地3种生境类型试验地,分别铺设园艺地布、黑色地膜和挖鱼鳞坑3种处理,研究其保水和抑制杂草效果。主要得出以下结论:试验区气温从4—7月上升,8月10日后开始逐渐下降,最高温出现在7月下旬—8月上旬;试验期间空气相对湿度呈现不均匀变化,极值出现频率较高;光照从4—6月底逐渐上升,且变化范围较大,7月开始下降;表层土壤温度从5—7月中旬逐渐上升,之后开始下降;降雨主要集中在4—6月,其降雨约占试验期降雨量的65.63%;铺膜和挖鱼鳞坑处理均能不同程度地提高土层0~60 cm的含水量,其中,铺园艺地布、铺黑色地膜、鱼鳞坑处理下0~60 cm平均土壤含水量较CK分别提高20.33%,13.45%,8.58%;3种处理对不同试验地的土壤含水量影响略有差别;阴坡和平地土壤含水量随土壤深度的增加而下降,阳坡则相反;土壤含水量与环境因子密切相关,阳坡与平地土壤含水量与气温、空气相对湿度、土壤温度和降雨量显著相关,阴坡仅与气温、空气相对湿度和降雨量显著相关;铺地布和地膜的防草效果极显著,均达到100%。
An automatic weather station was set up in the original habitat of the wild fruit forest to determine the main meteorological indexes and to analyze the main meteorological characteristics as temperature, rainfall and illumination. As the same time selected three habitat types in wild fruit forest as sunny slope, shady slope and flat ground. The three treatments were laying gardening cloth, black plastic film and digging fish-scale pit respectively to study the effects of water retention and weed control. Main conclusions were as follows： the air temperature in the test area increased from April to July, then decreased in August. The highest temperature appeared in late July to early August. During the test period, the air relative humidity changed unevenly and the extreme value appeared frequently. The illumination increased gradually from April to the end of June, of which the change range was bigger, but it began to decline in July. The surface soil temperature rose gradually from May to mid July, and then began to decline, The rainfall is concentrated from April to June, accounting for about 65.63% of the rainfall in the trial period. The laying film and digging fish-scale pit treatment improved soil moisture content, in which the mean soil moisture （0-60 cm） of laying gardening cloth, black plastic film and digging fish-scale pit were increased by 20.33%, 13.45%, 8.58%, respectively. The effects of three treatments on soil moisture content in different experimental area were slightly different; the moisture content of shady slop and fiat ground decreased following with the increase of soil depth, while the sunny slope was the opposite. Soil water content was closely related to environmental factors. The soil water content of sunny slopes and fiat ground was significantlycorrelated to air temperature, air relative humidity., soil temperature, and to rainfall, while the shady slopes were only significantly correlated to air temperature, air relative humidity, and to rainfall. The effect of laying gardening cloth and plastic film on the weeds control were very significant, all reached 100%.
作者
程功
刘立强
颉刚刚
朱璐辉
木萨.波拉提
余天蓝
曼苏尔.那斯尔
廖康
CHENG Gong;LIU Liqiang;XIE Ganggang;ZHU Luhui;Musa.Bolati;YU Tianlan;Mansur-Nasir;LIAO Kang(Research center of Featured Fruit Trees,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China)
出处
《经济林研究》
北大核心
2018年第3期127-135,150,共10页
Non-wood Forest Research
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501504)
新疆维吾尔自治区园艺学重点学科资助项目
关键词
新源野果林
气象因素
人工更新
集雨
防草
土壤含水量
Xinyuan wild fruit forest
meteorological factors
artificial regeneration
rain-collection
weeds-controlling
soil moisture content
