摘要
试验主要研究了放牧与舍饲两种不同饲养方式对阿尔巴斯白绒山羊成年羊与羔羊瘤胃内总菌、原虫及7种微生物数量的影响。试验采用单因子完全随机试验设计,分2部分进行。试验1将60只年龄、体重相近的淘汰成年母羊随机分为2组,每组30只。一组为对照组,在天然草场进行自然放牧育肥;一组为试验组,采用全混合日粮进行舍饲育肥,自由采食,育肥期60 d。试验2将60只日龄相近[(130±10)d]的去势公羔分为2组,每组30只。一组为对照组,进行放牧补饲育肥,一组为试验组,进行全混合日粮舍饲育肥。各组羔羊均自由饮水,育肥期3个月。在试验结束时,分别从2个试验的对照组和试验组中各选择6只成年羊(共12只)或羔羊(共12只),在禁食24 h、禁水2 h后屠宰,采集瘤胃液用于分析。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组成年羊瘤胃液中原虫、产琥珀酸丝状菌与脂解厌氧弧杆菌数量显著增加(P=0.01,P=0.05,P=0.05),总产甲烷菌与反刍月型单胞菌趋于显著增加(P=0.06,P=0.09),牛链球菌趋于显著降低(P=0.07),总细菌、白色瘤胃球菌、黄色瘤胃球菌及嗜淀粉瘤胃杆菌的组间差异均不显著(P>0.10)。试验组成年羊瘤胃内以反刍月型单胞菌比例最高,脂解厌氧弧杆菌占比最低,趋于显著或显著高于对照组(P=0.03,P=0.05);对照组以嗜淀粉瘤胃杆菌比例最高,反刍月型单胞菌比例次之,脂解厌氧弧杆菌最低。与对照组相比,试验组羔羊瘤胃液的总细菌量显著增加(P=0.003),总产甲烷菌及原虫数量差异趋于显著增加(P=0.077,P=0.089);其他7种菌的数量无显著变化(P>0.10),试验组与对照组羔羊瘤胃内均以嗜淀粉瘤胃杆菌占比最高,脂解厌氧弧杆菌最低。这些结果表明,舍饲育肥可显著增加瘤胃原虫和部分菌群的数量及其比例,成年羊的作用效果更大。
In this study, we investigated the effects of the grazing fattening and indoor fattening on the number of total bacteria, protozoa and other seven kinds of rumen microorganisms of adult female goats and lambs of cashmere goats. The experiment was divided into two parts and used a completely single factor experimental design. In part one, sixty adult female goats with similar age and weight were randomly divided into two treatment groups with thirty in each group. One group was the control group fattened in natural pasture, another one was the experimental group completely fattened with total mixed ration for sixty days. In part two, sixty weaned four months castrated lambs [（130±10） d] were divided into two groups, thirty in each group. The lambs in the control group were fattened in natural pasture with supplementary feeding, and the lambs in the experimental group were completely fattened using total mixed ration for three months. All the lambs were free to drink. At the end of the experiment, six adult sheep （a total of 12） or lambs （a total of 12） were selected from the control group and the experimental group of two experiments respectively, and were slaughtered after fasted for twenty-four hours and forbidden water for two hours, then the ruminal fluid samples were collected for analysis. The results showed that compared with the control group, the number of proto- zoa, F.succinogenes, and anaerovibrio lipolytica increased significantly（P=0.01, P=0.05, P=0.05）; total methanogens and selenomonas ruminantium tended to increased（P=0.06, P=O.09）, and streptococcus bo- vis tended to decreased （P=0.07）; while the number of total bacteria, ruminococcus and R.amylophilus were not significant in adult goats（P〉0.10）.In the experimental group of adult goats rumen, the proportion of selenomonas ruminantium was the highest, and anaerovibrio lipolytica was lowest, and they were tended to significantly be higher or significantly higher than that of the control group （P=0.03, P= 0.05）. In the control, the proportion of R.amylophilus was the highest, and selenomonas ruminantium was the lowest. Compared with the grazing with supplementary feeding, indoor feeding could tend to significantly increase the number of total bacteria and total methanogens （P=0.077, P=0.089） in the rumen fluid of lambs, but indoor feeding had no significant effect （P〉0.10） on the other bacteria. The lambs in the experimental group and the control group had the highest proportion of R. amylophilus, and the lowest was anaerovibrio lipolytica. These results indicated that indoor fattening could signifi- cantly increase the number and proportion of rumen protozoa and some of the flora, and the effect for the adult sheep is more effective.
作者
张娟
孙国平
韩帅
闫素梅
Zhang Juan;Sun Guoping;Han Shuai;Yan Sumei
出处
《饲料工业》
北大核心
2018年第16期32-39,共8页
Feed Industry
基金
国家重点研发计划[2017F0500504]
关键词
绒山羊
舍饲育肥
放牧补饲
瘤胃微生物
cashmere goats
indoor feeding
grazing with supplementary feeding
rumen microorganisms
