摘要
以农业废弃物替代珍贵的泥炭资源成为栽培基质的主要原料是设施农业发展的必经之路。但农业废弃物原料基质普遍存在持水性差、养分保蓄能力差、容重大、易板结、孔隙性差等问题,大大限制了其应用推广。本研究以发酵床废弃垫料(SPLC)为原料的配方基质为研究对象,通过高吸水树脂(SAP)、生物炭、硅藻土以不同比例混合,配制成不同基质复合调理剂,研究调理剂在废弃垫料以不同比例替代泥炭条件下对基质性能的影响,并进一步验证不同复合调理剂对基质栽培空心菜生长的影响。结果表明,未添加调理剂情况下,随SPLC比例提高及泥炭比例的降低,配方基质持水性、总孔隙度、通气孔隙度均明显降低,而电导率则显著升高;相应地,空心菜出苗率及株高、地上和地下生物量等生长指标也逐渐降低。添加复合调理剂后,各处理基质理化性质及空心菜生长差异明显,总体而言,调理剂中SAP的添加显著提高了基质持水性,促进了空心菜出苗及生长;随生物炭添加比例的增加,配方基质孔隙度及持水量呈上升趋势,但电导率也迅速上升;随硅藻土比例的增加,基质容重逐渐增加,但对基质电导率有降低作用。各复合调理剂综合作用结果显示,0.8 g/L SAP+5%生物炭+5%硅藻土及0.8 g/L SAP+10%生物炭+10%硅藻土2个调理剂配方明显改善了配方基质各项理化性状和空心菜生长,在SPLC比例由30%增至50%,泥炭比例由30%降至10%的情况下,仍然提高了空心菜产量。说明这2个复合调理剂可以有效改善配方基质性能,有助于农业废弃物替代泥炭成为蔬菜栽培基质的原料。
Using agricultural wastes to replace peat as main materials for soilless substrate is the development direction for facility agriculture. However,substrates based on agricultural wastes are known for the weaknesses such as low water and fertility holding capacity,high bulk density and salinity,low air permeable ability,etc. Conditioner addition is an important way to address these problems.In this study,different proportions（ 30% to 60%） of spent pig litter compost（ SPLC） were used to replace peat（ 30% to 0）,and composite conditioners with different proportions of super absorbent polymer（ SAP）,biochar,and diatomite were used to regulate physical and chemical properties of the substrates. Emergence rate and grow indicator of water spinach grown in these substrates were also investigated.Results showed that with increasing proportion of SPLC and decreasing proportion of peat in substrate without conditioner,the water holding capacity,total and air porosity decreased and electrical conductivity（ EC） increased sharply. Germination rate and growth parameters decreased accordingly. Substrate properties and plant growth greatly differed following conditioner addition. Generally,SAP addition increased water holding capacity and water spinach growth; substrate porosity and water holding capacity as well as EC increased with increasing biochar addition; bulk density increased gradually while EC decreased,with increasing diatomite addition. Physical and chemical properties and water spinach growth were distinctly improved by the addition of two composite conditioners,namely 0.8 g/L SAP ＋5% biochar＋5% diatomite and 0.8 g/L SAP ＋10% biochar＋10% diatomite. Yield of water spinach was still increased even when SPLC proportion was increased from30% to 50% and peat proportion was decreased from 30% to 10%. The results indicated that these conditioners could effectively improve substrate properties and favored the replacement of peat by agricultural wastes.
作者
范如芹
罗佳
张振华
FAN Ru-qin;LUO Jia;ZHANG Zhen-hua(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment,Ministry of Agriculture,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China)
出处
《江苏农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第4期887-896,共10页
Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
农业部农业环境重点实验室开放基金项目
江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20161379)
江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目[CX(17)3019]
关键词
生物炭
保水剂
硅藻土
栽培基质
蔬菜
biochar
water absorbent polymers
diatomite
cultivation substrate
vegetable
