摘要
为揭示节水灌溉下水稻对肥料氮素吸收利用情况,利用^(15)N示踪技术分别标记施用的基氮肥、蘖氮肥、穗氮肥,将传统淹水灌溉作为对照,研究了稻作控制灌溉模式下成熟期水稻基肥、蘖肥、穗肥氮素的积累量及各时期肥料氮素在水稻地上部各器官的分布情况,并对比研究了两种灌溉方式不同施氮水平下的各期肥料利用率。试验结果表明:稻作控制灌溉模式较传统淹水灌溉显著提高了水稻地上部干物质积累量、氮素总积累量及产量,起到了"节水、高产"的作用;不同施氮量下水稻氮素总积累量中肥料氮素的占比约为16.49%~22.23%,不同灌溉方式之间差异并不显著;不同施氮水平控制灌溉处理水稻的肥料氮素总利用率为31.82%~36.29%、基肥氮素利用率为10.91%~15.36%、蘖肥氮素利用率为34.84%~36.90%、穗肥氮素利用率为55.78%~63.85%,稻作控制灌溉模式下除水稻对基肥氮素的利用率较低外,肥料氮素总利用率、蘖肥和穗肥氮素利用率均优于传统淹水灌溉,肥料氮素得到了高效利用,降低了肥料氮素残留引起环境污染的风险,相关性分析表明:肥料氮素的总利用率与蘖肥和穗肥氮素利用率呈极显著正相关,研究结果可为进一步提高稻作控制灌溉条件下肥料氮素利用率提供理论依据。
In order to further investigate the uptake of fertilizer-N at different growth stages and in the partitioning of accumulated N in transplanted rice, field experiments were combined with micro-area test, and the traditional flooding irrigation was used as control, three N rates （85 kg/hm^2, 110 kg/hm^2 and 135 kg/hm^2） were set and three 15N-labelled fertilizer application treatments were conducted in rice with different fertilizer-N recovery efficiencies. The fertilizer-N recovery efficiency of total fertilizer was measured, and the fertilizer-N recovery efficiencies of basal, tillering and panicle fertilizations were analyzed by applying ^15N-labelled urea as basal, tillering or panicle fertilizer, and comparative study of the two kinds of irrigation fertilizer at different nitrogen utilization rates. The result showed that compared with the traditional flooding irrigation, rice irrigation control model significantly increased dry matter accumulation, nitrogen accumulation and yield of rice, had the ＂water-saving and high-yield＂ role. About 16.49% - 22. 23% of different nitrogen amounts of total nitrogen accumulation in rice under nitrogen fertilizer, the difference between different irrigation methods was not significant; the difference between different irrigation methods was not significant; different nitrogen levels control irrigation rice total fertilizer-N recovery efficiency was 31.82% - 36. 29% , the fertilizer-N recovery efficiency of basal fertilizer was 10.91% - 15.36% , the fertilizer-N recovery efficiency of tillering fertilizer was 34.84% 36.90% , the fertilizer-N recovery efficiency of pancile fertilizer was 55.78% - 63.85% . The rice control irrigation mode in addition to fertilizer-N recovery efficiency of basal fertilizer in rice were lower, total, tillering and panicle fertilizer-N recovery efficiency was better than those of the traditional flooding irrigation. The correlation analysis showed that fertilizer-N recovery efficiency of total fertilizer had a significant positive correlation with fertilizer-N recovery efficiency of tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer, which provided a reference for further improving the utilization rate of fertilizer nitrogen under controlled irrigation.
作者
张忠学
陈鹏
陈帅宏
郑恩楠
聂堂哲
刘明
ZHANG Zhongxue;CHEN Peng;CHEN Shuaihong;ZHENG Ennan;NIE Tangzhe;LIU Ming(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin 150030, China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第6期309-317,346,共10页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400108)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(51779046)
关键词
水稻
节水灌溉
氮素吸收
氮肥回收率
同位素示踪技术
rice
water-saving irrigation
N uptake
fertilizer-N recovery efficiency
isotope tracertechnology
