摘要
为探讨轻度盐渍化地区不同水氮配比对滴灌棉花生理特性、产量、品质、灌溉水利用效率和氮肥偏生产力的影响,寻求适合盐渍化地区棉花种植的水氮组合,优化盐渍化地区滴灌棉花水肥管理,采用桶栽随机试验,在轻度盐渍土上设置3个灌溉水平2 750、3 750、4 750 m3/hm2(W1、W2、W3)和3个施氮水平300、600、900 kg/hm2(N1、N2、N3,氮素形式为尿素),对棉花光合、荧光、产量、品质、水氮利用效率及最佳灌水施肥模式进行研究。结果表明:轻度盐胁迫不同水氮调控条件下,灌水量和水氮交互作用对各生育期净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)及细胞间CO2浓度(Ci)均具有极显著影响(P<0.01),在W1和W2水平下,Pn、Tr、Gs均随着施氮量的增加先上升后下降,且在W2N2处达到最大值。在W3水平下,均随着施氮量的增加而增加,而Ci却表现出相反的变化趋势;灌水对棉花各生育期功能叶最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/F0)的影响不显著(P>0.05),对光化学猝灭系数(qp)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)、实际光化学效率(Y(Ⅱ))和表观电子传递速率(ETR)的影响显著(P<0.05);施氮对棉花各生育期功能叶NPQ的影响不显著(P>0.05),对Fv/Fm和Fv/F0、qp、Y(Ⅱ)和ETR的影响显著(P<0.05);水氮交互作用均对棉花各生育期荧光参数的影响达到极显著水平(P<0.01);水氮交互作用对籽棉产量(Y)、灌溉水利用效率(i WUE)、氮肥偏生产力(NPFP)及马克隆值的影响达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。其中,籽棉产量(Y)最大值出现在W2N2处理,为5 854.5 kg/hm2,较出现在W1N1处理的最小值3 483.75 kg/hm2相对增加68.05%;通过多元回归分析及似然函数组合法计算,得到轻度盐化土棉花最佳灌水施氮量为3 740 m3/hm2和754 kg/hm2。
Aiming to explore the mild salinization area ratio of different water and nitrogen physiological characteristics, yield and quality of drip-irrigated cotton, the influence of irrigation water use efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity, seek water and nitrogen combination suitable for cotton cultivation in salinization area, and optimize the salinization area for drip irrigation cotton basis, barrels and randomized trials were used, three irrigation levels of 2 750 m^3/hm^2 , 3 750 m^3/hm^2 and 4 750 m^3/hm^2 （W1, W2 and W3） and three nitrogen levels of 300 kg/hm^2, 600 kg/hm^2 and 900 kg/hm^2 （N1, N2, and N3, form of nitrogen in urea） were set up in mild saline soil, and the photosynthesis, fluorescence, yield and quality of cotton, water and nitrogen use efficiency and optimal irrigation fertilization mode were investigated. The results showed that mild salt stress under the condition of different water and nitrogen regulations, irrigation water and the interaction of water and nitrogen had significant effects （P 〈 0.01 ） on Pn, Tr and Gs and Ci in the growth period, under the level of W1 and W2, Pn, Tr and Gs were increased with the increase of N application rate and then decreased, and reached the maximum at W2N2 treatment. At the level of W3, it was increased with the increase of N, while Ci showed the opposite trend. The influence of irrigation water on Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo of different growth stages of cotton was not significant （P 〉 0.05）, and it had significant influence on q^p and NPQ, Y （ Ⅱ ） and ETR （P 〈 0.05 ）. The effect of nitrogen application on NPQ in the growth stage of cotton was not significant （P 〉 0.05） , and it had significant influence on Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo, q^P, Y （ Ⅱ ） and ETR （P 〈 0.05）. The effect of water and nitrogen interaction on the fluorescence parameters of cotton in growing period reached a significant level （P 〈 0.01 ）. The effect of water and nitrogen interaction on Y, iWUE, NPFP and macron values reached a significant level （P 〈 0.01 ）. Among them, the maximum yield of seed cotton （Y） appeared in W2N2 treatment, as 5 854.5 kg/hm^2; the minimum value appeared in W1N1 treatment, which was 3 483.75 kg/hm^2, with a relative increase of 68.05% ; through the multiple regression analysis and the likelihood function group, the optimal irrigation water and nitrogen application rate of the mild saline-alkali soil were 3 740 m^3/hm^2 and 754 kg/hm^2 , respectively.
作者
王振华
朱延凯
张金珠
李文昊
扁青永
WANG Zhenhua;ZHU Yankai;ZHANG Jinzhu;LI Wenhao;BIAN Qingyong(College of Water and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China;Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第6期296-308,共13页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51741908)
"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD20B03)
关键词
滴灌棉花
轻度盐分土壤
水氮调控
光合作用
叶绿素荧光参数
产量
drip-irrigated cotton
mildly saline soil
water and nitrogen regulation
photosynthesis
chlorophyll fluorescence parameters
production
