摘要
根据球员在不同比赛期间的比赛经验,乒乓球运动参数及环境温度对乒乓球运动轨迹有重要的影响。环境温度对空气密度和粘性影响很大,进而对空气中运动的乒乓球所受气动力造成影响,最终导致乒乓球运动轨迹、速度、转速和落点等发生变化。为此采用格子Boltzmann方程的无网格方法,数值求解乒乓球运动三维非定常流场,考虑温度对粘性影响的动态流场变化对乒乓球运动的影响,分析乒乓球运动诸参数时间变化曲线,通过对乒乓球运动动态流场的细微结构分析,探究影响乒乓球运动的流动机理。结果表明:乒乓球在空气中的运动必须考虑粘性作用及升阻力系数的变化;环境温度对乒乓球运动轨迹有较大影响,以乒乓球体半径为参考,在长度方向,0℃与15℃偏差为41.75%,15℃与30℃偏差为72.15%;在高度方向,0℃与15℃偏差为40.8%,15℃与30℃偏差为20.6%;在宽度方向,0℃与15℃偏差为19.53%,15℃与30℃偏差为4.85%;同时不同环境温度条件下乒乓球运动参数变化不同。乒乓球瞬态流场结构的变化是导致其运动参数变化的本质原因。基于以上研究,对球员训练及比赛提出以下建议:训练器件应该更加注意对于乒乓球与桌面碰撞后的轨迹运动,做出敏捷且准确的击球动作;在比赛过程中,应该重注环境温度对于轨迹的影响,为此需要对判断的击球点及击球动作做出适应性修正。
According to the experience of players in different competitions,table tennis parameters and ambient temperature have an important influence on the track of table tennis. Change of temperature influences not only to density,but also to viscosity of air,then it has further influence to movement of table tennis in air. So,the study used the meshless method to research it that temperature have effect on movement of table tennis in air. The trajectory of table tennis and motion parameters had been analyzed in paper. And it explored the flow mechanism by analyzing the flow structure. The result showed that the kinematics method to solve the movement of table tennis cannot be too simplified the force of the table tennis in movement,and should be considered by the viscous resistance. Ambient temperature have great influence on the trajectory of the table tennis：with the radius of table tennis as a reference in the length direction,the error between 0℃ and 15℃ is 41.75%,the error between 15℃ and 30℃ was 72.15%;in the height direction,the error between 0℃ and 15℃ was 40.8%,the error between 15℃ and 30℃ was 20.6%;in the width direction,the error between 0℃ and 15℃ was 19.53%,the error between 15℃ and 30℃ was 4.85%. And the ambient temperature influence to the motion parameters. Motion parameters of table tennis by effect of air affected the flow field structure of the table tennis. Then the change of flows field structure affected the trajectory of table tennis. So movement of table tennis in air was a dynamical process. Based on the above research,puts forward the following Suggestions for players training and competition：training device should pay more attention to for table tennis and desktop collision trajectory,agile and accurate of shot;In the course of the competition,the influence of the ambient temperature on the trajectory should be re-injected,so it is necessary to make adaptive correction to the judgment hitting point and the hitting action.
作者
丁勤卫
李春
张俊伟
任杰
施之皓
郝文星
DING Oinwei;LI Chun;ZHANG Junwei;REN Jie;SHI Zhihao;HAO Wenxin(School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China;China Table Tennis College, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China)
出处
《天津体育学院学报》
CAS
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第5期390-396,共7页
Journal of Tianjin University of Sport
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:51676131
51176129)
关键词
乒乓球轨迹
流场结构
环境温度
无网格方法
table tennis trajectory
flows structure
ambient temperature
meshless method
