摘要
目前,肥胖已成为较严重的影响社会健康的问题,其主要形成原因是长期能量摄入和消耗失衡。人体脂肪组织一般分为三种:白色脂肪用于储存脂肪,保持体温并参与脂肪代谢;棕色脂肪在外界条件刺激下可燃烧生热,其在成人体内含量极少,在新生儿及冬眠动物中较多,有助于帮助其抵抗寒冷;在寒冷刺激下或者β肾上腺素能受体激动剂处理后,小鼠皮下白色脂肪中会出现散在的棕色样脂肪细胞,称米色脂肪。白色脂肪"棕色化"被认为可增加机体能量消耗。运动对机体健康有多重益处,近期有研究证实了运动可引起脂肪组织表型改变,即从储存能量的白色脂肪转变成能够产热的棕色脂肪,从而成为治疗肥胖及相关代谢性疾病的潜在方法。目前研究较多的可调控白色脂肪"棕色化"的因子主要有:鸢尾素、成纤维细胞生长因子21和白细胞介素-6,并且在临床应用中,间歇性禁食已被证实可通过调节肠道菌群影响白色脂肪"棕色化"。本文综述几种调控因子在机体运动时促进白色脂肪"棕色化"过程的机制,为临床减重提供新的思路。
Obesity has become a major public health problem and is the consequence of a long-term imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. There are three kinds of body fat tissue. White adipose tissue are specialized to store energy, maintaining body temperature and participating in adipose metabolism. Brown adipose tissue can produce heat under external stimulation, and thus protects against cold temperature, rare in adults, but abundant in hibernating animal and in newborns. When mice are exposed to cold or β-adrenergic agonists, some brown-fat-like cells were observed in the subcutaneous white adipose depot, called beige cells. Browning is regarded as a possible method for increasing energy expenditure. Exercise has numerous physiological benefts on human health, more recently it has been demonstrated that exercise, through a range of mechanisms, induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue from energy storing white adipocytes to thermogenic brown adipocytes, browning is thus of great interest as a potential method to treat obesity and associated metabolic disorders. At present, main factors that can regulate browning of white fat are irisin, fbroblast growth factor 21 and interleukin-6, and in clinical practice, intermittent fasting was proven to promote white adipose browning and decrease obesity by regulating gut microbiota. The present review discusses mechanism of various factors that regulate browning of white adipose during exercise in order to provide new ideas for clinical weight loss.
作者
曲芊诺
张田
樊跃平
QU Qian-nuo;ZHANG Tian;FAN Yue-ping(Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Institute of Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences / Aviation General Hospita, Beijing 10012, China)
出处
《肿瘤代谢与营养电子杂志》
2018年第1期102-106,共5页
Electronic Journal of Metabolism and Nutrition of Cancer
关键词
棕色化
减重
运动
Browning
Weight loss
Exercise
