摘要
目的对2013-2017年北京市手足口病进行流行病学和病原学分析，为手足口病防控提供科学依据。方法利用北京市手足口病疫情监测数据和病原学数据对聚集性疫情做流行病学分析。结果2013-2017年共报告手足口病聚集性疫情4813起，平均每年（962．6±247．9）起。疫情报告数呈隔年升高的周期性，每年在5—7月出现高峰、9-11月出现次高峰。疫情报告数居前3位的分别为朝阳区（184．6±83．8）起、大兴区（100．8±43．7）起和丰台区（91．2±22．2）起。疫情发生场所以托幼机构为主（75．25％，3662／4813），其次为家庭内疫情（17．16％，826／4813）、学校内疫情（6．17％，297／4813）和其他场所（1．58％，76／4813）。托幼机构内的疫情罹患率（10．00％）高于学校内疫情（7．10％），差异有统计学意义（Z=10．540，P〈0．01）。疫情的肠道病毒阳性率为67．17％（3281／4813），其中CoxA16所引起的疫情构成比最高（36．39％，1194／3218），其次为其他肠道病毒（32．92％，1080／3218）、EV71（28．68％，941／3218）和CoxA6（15．57％，511／3218），有13．23％（434／3218）的疫情由2种及以上病毒混合感染所致。结论疾病预防控制部门应在夏季到来前、秋季开学初，在疫情高发地区对托幼机构和学校的学生、教师进行卫生宣教，对教学和生活环境的卫生进行指导。在疫情发生时，应尽早采集患者标本，检测病原体、确定疫情性质，以及时采取有效的控制措施、控制疫情规模。
Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of clustered cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease （HFMD） in Beijing from 2013 to 2017. Methods The epidemiological data of clustered HFMD cases were collected, and the pathogens were detected afterwards. Results From 2013 to 2017, the total number of clusters was 4 813, and （926.6±247.9） per year. The clusters showed a periodicity of two years. The main peak was from May to July, and the secondary peak was through September to November. The top-three districts with the most clusters were Chaoyang （184.6±83.8）, Daxing （100.8±43.7） and Fengtai （91.2±22.2）. Childcare facilities reported most of the clusters （75.25%, 3 662/4 813）, followed by households （17.16%, 826/4 813）, schools （6.17%, 297/4 813）, as well as other places （1.58%, 76/4 813）. The attack rate in childcare facilities was 10.00%, higher than that of schools 7.10% （Z=10.540, P〈0.01）. The positive rate of enteroviruses among all clusters was 67.17% （3 281/4 813）. Amongst these, Cox A16 took the largest part （36.39%, 1 194/3 218）, followed by other enteroviruses （32.92%, 1 080/3 218）, EV71 （28.68%, 941/3 218） and Cox A6 （15.57%, 511/3 218）. Among the clusters, 13.23% （434/3 218） was caused by 2 or more types of viruses. Conclusions The disease prevention and healthcare institutions should provide health education and instructions to students and teachers in childcare facilities and schools before summer and at the beginning of autumn semester. At the initial period of clusters, samples of patients should be collected as early as possible to detect pathogens and to determine its scale, so as to take timely and effective control measures.
作者
霍达
贾蕾
李洁
杜轶威
梁志超
杨扬
王全意
王小莉
Huo Da;Jia Lei;Li Jie;Du Yiwei;Liang Zhichao;Yang Yang;Wang Quanyi;Wang Xiaoli.(Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China)
出处
《国际病毒学杂志》
2018年第2期87-90,共4页
International Journal of Virology
基金
北京市自然科学基金（7164240）
北京市优秀人才培育资助青年骨干个人项目（2016000021469G184）
关键词
手足口病
聚集性疫情
流行病学特征
Hand, foot, and mouth disease
Clustered cases
Epidemiologieal characteristics
