摘要
目的分析湖南省学校诺如病毒感染暴发疫情的流行特征,为预防校园内疫情暴发流行提供科学依据。方法收集湖南省2013—2016年报告的学校诺如病毒感染暴发疫情资料,应用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果湖南省2013—2016年共报告17起学校诺如病毒感染暴发疫情,总罹患率为5.64%,疫情均发生在秋冬季。暴发场所以小学和托幼机构(11起,64.71%)为主,疫情报告时间中位数为2.00 d,达到峰值时间中位数为1.00 d,持续时间中位数为6.25 d。临床症状以呕吐、腹痛和腹泻为主,基因型以GⅡ为主(9起,52.94%)。经水传播(5.53%)和食物传播罹患率(7.70%)均高于人传人罹患率(3.83%)(χ~2值分别为20.02,71.19,P值均<0.01)。结论湖南省学校诺如病毒感染性腹泻暴发疫情主要发生在小学和托幼机构,应加强饮用水和食品卫生监测等工作。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus（ No Vs） outbreak at schools of Hunan province. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was utilized to analyze the data of No Vs outbreak at schools in Hunan province during 2013-2016. Results During 2013 to 2016, 17 No Vs outbreaks were reported in schools, with a total incidence rate of 5.64%, which occurred in autumn and winter. The outbreaks mainly occurred at primary schools and kindergartens（ 11/17,64.71%）. The median report time was 2.00 d. The peak viral shedding occurred with a median period of 1.00 d after infection, and the median duration from infection to outbreak was 6.25 days. The main symptoms of No Vs outbreak included vomitting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Genotype was given priority to with GⅡ（ 9, 52.94%）. Waterborne（ 5.53%） and food-borne（ 7.70%） contact were the main transmission mode, compared with that of person-to-person contact（ 3.83%）（ χ~2= 20.02, 71.19, P〈 0.01）. Rural schools was in higher risk of No Vs outbreak than urban schools（ χ~2= 280.497, P〈 0.01）. Conclusion Most of the Norovirus outbreaks at schools in Hunan province occurred in primary schools and kindergartens. Primary prevention measures should be taken to prevent norovirus outbreaks in school and childcare settings with priority placing upon rural areas.
作者
叶金波
高立冬
刘富强
肖洁华
段红英
岳文芳
YE Jinbo, GAO Li-dong, LIU Fu, qiang, XIAO Jiehua, DUAN Hongyiag, YUE Wenfaag.(Hunan Provincial Disease Control and Prevention Center, Changsha （410005）, China)
出处
《中国学校卫生》
CAS
北大核心
2018年第3期394-396,400,共4页
Chinese Journal of School Health
